Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/esthesioneuroblastoma/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
16 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Hyams grade, Kadish or modified Kadish stage, Synaptophysin, chromogranin and S100 sustentacular cell pattern, Somatostatin receptor expression and DOTATATE PET uptake, IDH2 mutation), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis and staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (resectable disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.For my situation (high-grade or advanced disease (hyams iii to iv, kadish c to d)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.Am I a candidate for Cisplatin, Etoposide, Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), and what side effects should I expect?
- 9.For my situation (recurrent or metastatic disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Lutetium-177 dotatate, Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), Temozolomide, and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.For my situation (follow-up), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Proton therapy, Lutetium-177 dotatate, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)?
- 13.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 14.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 15.I read that “No prospective trial has ever been conducted; every recommendation rests on series”. How does that affect my plan?
- 16.I read that “Late relapse after ten or more years makes cure hard to define”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Head and neck subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx): Head and neck cancer is really several cancers named by exact location: mouth (oral cavity), back of the throat (oropharynx, where HPV cancers arise), voice box (larynx), lower throat (hypopharynx) and behind the nose (nasopharynx).
- Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC): Beyond the generic TNM system, gynaecological cancers (FIGO), lymphoma (Ann Arbor, IPI), myeloma (R-ISS), AML (ELN), kidney cancer (IMDC), neuroblastoma (INRG) and CLL (Rai, Binet) each have their own system that combines stage, blood tests, genetics and fitness into risk groups.
- Re-irradiation: Giving radiotherapy again to a region that has already been treated, once thought impossible because normal tissues remember the first dose.
- Rare cancers: Rare cancers are those with fewer than about 6 new cases per 100,000 people per year.
- Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT): Radiotherapy given at the same time as chemotherapy, which sensitises the cancer to radiation.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis and staging: Endoscopic biopsy with immunohistochemistry, MRI and CT of the sinuses and skull base, neck imaging, DOTATATE PET where available.
Biomarker results to ask for: Hyams grade (I to IV; strongest prognostic factor), Kadish or modified Kadish stage (A to D), Synaptophysin, chromogranin and S100 sustentacular cell pattern (diagnosis), Somatostatin receptor expression and DOTATATE PET uptake (imaging, radioligand eligibility), IDH2 mutation (subset of high-grade tumours), Neck node status on MRI or PET-CT.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: CT (computed tomography), Histopathology & immunohistochemistry, MRI, PET/CT, Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Resectable disease: Endoscopic endonasal or craniofacial resection with skull base reconstruction by a skull base team, followed by postoperative radiotherapy (intensity-modulated or proton) for nearly all patients. (Robotic & minimally invasive surgery, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Proton therapy)
- High-grade or advanced disease (Hyams III to IV, Kadish C to D): Induction cisplatin and etoposide, then surgery and radiotherapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy; elective neck irradiation considered. (Cisplatin, Etoposide, Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT))
- Recurrent or metastatic disease: Repeat surgery or re-irradiation for local relapse; lutetium-177 dotatate for somatostatin-receptor-positive disease; platinum-etoposide or temozolomide; trials. (Re-irradiation, Lutetium-177 dotatate, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), Temozolomide)
- Follow-up: MRI surveillance indefinitely because of late relapse; management of anosmia, cerebrospinal fluid leak and visual effects. (MRI)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.