Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/metastatic-ppgl/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
18 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Plasma or urinary metanephrines and 3-methoxytyramine, Germline and somatic SDHB, VHL and other cluster status, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET uptake, 123I-MIBG uptake, Rate of progression on serial imaging), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (all patients), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.For my situation (indolent disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.For my situation (progressive disease, radionuclide therapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Lutetium-177 dotatate, 131I-MIBG (iobenguane I-131) therapy, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (progressive disease, systemic drugs), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Belzutifan, Sunitinib, Cabozantinib or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.For my situation (trials), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.How do the results of Study of ONC206 (JZP3507) in Advanced Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma and Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL apply to someone like me?
- 14.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Belzutifan, Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL, Study of ONC206 (JZP3507) in Advanced Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma, Lutetium-177 dotatate?
- 15.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 16.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 17.I read that “No randomised trial has compared radionuclide therapy with drugs or defined their order”. How does that affect my plan?
- 18.I read that “Azedra's withdrawal leaves MIBG-avid, somatostatin-receptor-negative patients without a radionuclide option in many countries”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- SDH deficiency (SDHB immunohistochemistry loss): Loss of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme, shown by a negative SDHB stain, marks a small family of tumours (some stomach GISTs, paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas, a rare kidney cancer) that are often inherited, occur in young people, ignore imatinib and grow slowly; the stain is the trigger for germline testing of the whole family.
- Adrenalectomy: Removing an adrenal gland.
- Rare cancers: Rare cancers are those with fewer than about 6 new cases per 100,000 people per year.
Tests and results to bring
Staging: 68Ga-DOTATATE PET, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy where 131I-MIBG is available, CT or MRI, FDG-PET for SDHB-related disease; germline testing.
Biomarker results to ask for: Plasma or urinary metanephrines and 3-methoxytyramine (secretory profile, monitoring), Germline and somatic SDHB, VHL and other cluster status (prognosis, belzutifan and temozolomide sensitivity), 68Ga-DOTATATE PET uptake (lutetium-177 dotatate eligibility), 123I-MIBG uptake (131I-MIBG eligibility), Rate of progression on serial imaging (decides when to treat), Bone scan or FDG-PET for skeletal disease.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Active surveillance, FDG PET, Germline (hereditary) testing, MRI, Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE), MIBG imaging and 131I-MIBG therapy.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- All patients: Alpha-blockade with beta-blockade added second; metyrosine for refractory symptoms; blockade before every procedure; bone-protective agents for skeletal metastases. (Adrenalectomy)
- Indolent disease: Active surveillance; resection, radiotherapy, thermal ablation or embolisation of dominant or symptomatic lesions. (Active surveillance, SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy), Thermal ablation (RFA, microwave, cryo), IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam))
- Progressive disease, radionuclide therapy: Lutetium-177 dotatate for somatostatin-receptor-positive disease; 131I-MIBG for MIBG-avid disease where still available (approved 2018, withdrawn from market 2024). (Lutetium-177 dotatate, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), Radioligand therapy (beta emitters), 131I-MIBG (iobenguane I-131) therapy, MIBG imaging and 131I-MIBG therapy)
- Progressive disease, systemic drugs: Belzutifan (approved 2025); sunitinib (FIRSTMAPPP); cabozantinib; cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine or temozolomide for rapidly progressive or SDHB-related disease. (Belzutifan, Sunitinib, Cabozantinib, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Temozolomide, Small-molecule kinase inhibitors, Cytotoxic chemotherapy)
- Trials: ONC206, radioligand combinations and next-generation HIF-2 alpha inhibitors. (Study of ONC206 (JZP3507) in Advanced Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma, Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.