Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
15 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Germline MEN1, RET or CDKN1B mutation, Calcitonin and CEA, Calcium and PTH, gastrin, fasting glucose and insulin, prolactin and IGF-1, Plasma metanephrines before any surgery, Pancreatic imaging), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (men2 carriers (ret-positive)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (advanced ret-mutant medullary thyroid carcinoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Selpercatinib, Pralsetinib, Cabozantinib or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.How do the results of LIBRETTO-531 apply to someone like me?
- 9.For my situation (men1 carriers), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), Everolimus, Sunitinib or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Selpercatinib, LIBRETTO-531, Lutetium-177 dotatate, Everolimus?
- 12.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 13.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 14.I read that “MEN1 has no menin-restoring or pathway-directed therapy; PanNET progression remains the main cause of death, addressed by earlier detection and NET therapies”. How does that affect my plan?
- 15.I read that “Timing and extent of pancreatic surgery in MEN1: prospective registries are comparing strategies”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- MEN1 and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes: Inherited conditions (MEN1, VHL, NF1, tuberous sclerosis) that cause neuroendocrine tumours, often multiple and at a young age, so families need genetic testing and surveillance.
- Germline vs somatic mutations: Germline mutations are inherited and in every cell; somatic mutations arise in the tumour only.
- Hereditary cancer syndromes: About 5-10% of cancers arise from an inherited gene fault.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Germline MEN1, RET or CDKN1B mutation (diagnostic; codon defines MEN2 risk level), Calcitonin and CEA (MTC surveillance), Calcium and PTH, gastrin, fasting glucose and insulin, prolactin and IGF-1 (MEN1 surveillance), Plasma metanephrines before any surgery (pheochromocytoma exclusion), Pancreatic imaging (MRI, endoscopic ultrasound, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Germline (hereditary) testing, Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE), Thyroglobulin, calcitonin and CEA in thyroid cancer follow-up.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- MEN2 carriers (RET-positive): Prophylactic total thyroidectomy timed by ATA risk level (highest risk within the first year, high risk before age 5, moderate risk guided by calcitonin); annual screening for pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. (Thyroid cancer, Germline (hereditary) testing, Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL))
- Advanced RET-mutant medullary thyroid carcinoma: Selpercatinib (LIBRETTO-531: superior to cabozantinib or vandetanib); pralsetinib, cabozantinib or vandetanib as alternatives. (Selpercatinib, LIBRETTO-531, Pralsetinib, Cabozantinib, Vandetanib)
- MEN1 carriers: Surveillance from childhood; subtotal or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation for hyperparathyroidism; proton pump inhibitors for gastrinoma; resection of functioning or larger PanNETs; sporadic NET pathways (somatostatin analogues, everolimus, sunitinib, PRRT) for advanced disease. (MEN1 and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes, Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), Everolimus, Sunitinib, Lutetium-177 dotatate, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), Neuroendocrine tumours)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.