Oral tongue and floor of mouth cancer
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/oral-tongue-cancer/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
18 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Depth of invasion, Worst pattern of invasion and perineural invasion, Margin status, Extranodal extension, TP53 mutation), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis and staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (primary treatment (t1 to t2, clinically node-negative)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.How do the results of Elective vs therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (Tata Memorial) apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (locally advanced (t3 to t4 or node-positive)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Cisplatin, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (recurrent or metastatic), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, Methotrexate, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.How do the results of KEYNOTE-048 and Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial) apply to someone like me?
- 13.For my situation (prevention), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 14.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Pembrolizumab, KEYNOTE-689, Sentinel lymph node biopsy, NIVOPOSTOP (GORTEC 2018-01)?
- 15.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 16.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 17.I read that “Why tongue cancer is rising in young non-smokers”. How does that affect my plan?
- 18.I read that “Whether sentinel node biopsy can replace elective neck dissection safely”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Extranodal extension (ENE): Extranodal extension means cancer in a lymph node has burst through the node's capsule into the surrounding fat; in head and neck cancer it is the single finding after surgery that most often turns radiotherapy into chemoradiotherapy, and in HPV-negative disease it moves the stage up.
- Depth of invasion (DOI): Depth of invasion is how far down a cancer has grown from the surface it started on, measured in millimetres on the pathology slide; in mouth cancer it now sets the T stage and a depth over 4 mm means the neck nodes are treated even when they look clean, and in early stomach cancer it decides whether an endoscopic removal was enough.
- CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion: Losing both copies of the CDKN2A/B genes on chromosome 9p21 removes the cell's main brake on division; in an IDH-mutant glioma it alone makes the tumour grade 4, in mesothelioma and melanoma it marks aggressive disease, and the neighbouring MTAP gene usually goes with it, opening a new drug target.
- Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT): Radiotherapy given at the same time as chemotherapy, which sensitises the cancer to radiation.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis and staging: Biopsy, MRI or CT of the tongue and neck to measure depth of invasion and nodes, chest imaging or PET-CT for advanced stage, and dental assessment before radiotherapy.
Biomarker results to ask for: Depth of invasion (staging and elective neck dissection), Worst pattern of invasion and perineural invasion, Margin status, Extranodal extension, TP53 mutation, PD-L1 combined positive score (recurrent disease).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: PET/CT, Oral cancer visual screening.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Prevention: Tobacco, alcohol and betel quid cessation; treatment of leukoplakia and erythroplakia; oral examination in high-risk people. (Smoking cessation in cancer patients, Alcohol reduction, pricing and cancer warning labels, Oral cancer visual screening)
- Locally advanced (T3 to T4 or node-positive): Resection with neck dissection and free-flap reconstruction, then postoperative radiotherapy, or cisplatin chemoradiation for extranodal extension or positive margins. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Cisplatin, Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT))
- Primary treatment (T1 to T2, clinically node-negative): Partial glossectomy or floor-of-mouth resection with at least 5 mm margins and elective neck dissection (Tata Memorial trial); sentinel node biopsy as an alternative in small tumours. (Elective vs therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (Tata Memorial), Sentinel lymph node biopsy)
- Recurrent or metastatic: Pembrolizumab alone or with platinum-fluorouracil (KEYNOTE-048); oral metronomic methotrexate-celecoxib where resources are limited. (Pembrolizumab, KEYNOTE-048, Methotrexate, Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial), Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.