Germ cell tumours of childhood and adolescence (extracranial and CNS)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/paediatric-germ-cell-tumours/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
16 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Serum and cerebrospinal-fluid AFP, Serum and cerebrospinal-fluid beta-hCG, Lactate dehydrogenase, Isochromosome 12p, MaGIC risk group), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (low-risk malignant extracranial gct (e.g. stage i testicular, stage i ovarian)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (standard- and high-risk malignant extracranial gct), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Etoposide or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.For my situation (cns germinoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Carboplatin, Etoposide, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (cns non-germinomatous gct), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, Etoposide, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Sodium thiosulfate (otoprotectant), Active surveillance, Oncofertility and fertility preservation, Proton therapy?
- 13.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 14.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 15.I read that “Whether carboplatin can fully replace cisplatin without losing cures in standard-risk disease; AGCT1531 is the answer trial”. How does that affect my plan?
- 16.I read that “Relapsed and platinum-refractory disease, especially mediastinal and CNS non-germinomatous tumours, where high-dose chemotherapy is the only option”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): Alpha-fetoprotein is a protein made by the fetal liver that a substantial share of hepatocellular carcinomas switch back on.
- Retroperitoneum: The space at the back of the abdomen, behind the gut's lining, holding the kidneys, adrenals, pancreas, aorta and the para-aortic lymph nodes.
- Late effects and survivorship toxicity: Health problems appearing months or decades after treatment ends: heart damage, infertility, second cancers, lymphoedema, dry mouth, memory problems, weak bones.
- Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology: Cancer in people aged 15-39, about 90,000 US cases a year, with a distinct mix of cancers, slower survival improvement than children or older adults, and specific needs: fertility, education and work, psychosocial support and trial access.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Serum and cerebrospinal-fluid AFP, Serum and cerebrospinal-fluid beta-hCG, Lactate dehydrogenase, Isochromosome 12p (adolescent tumours), MaGIC risk group (site, stage, age, marker level), Audiometry before and after cisplatin, Fertility assessment and preservation.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Active surveillance, AFP, hCG and LDH in germ cell tumours (IGCCCG risk groups).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Low-risk malignant extracranial GCT (e.g. stage I testicular, stage I ovarian): Complete resection followed by active surveillance with serial tumour markers and imaging; chemotherapy only for relapse (AGCT1531 stratum). (Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Active surveillance)
- Standard- and high-risk malignant extracranial GCT: Cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (PEb) or carboplatin-based JEb, with surgery of residual masses; sodium thiosulfate for otoprotection; high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue at relapse. (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Etoposide, Bleomycin, Sodium thiosulfate (otoprotectant), Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy))
- CNS germinoma: Platinum-based chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose whole-ventricular radiotherapy with tumour boost (SIOP CNS GCT II, ACNS1123). (Carboplatin, Etoposide, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Proton therapy)
- CNS non-germinomatous GCT: Intensive platinum-based chemotherapy, second-look surgery for residual disease, then craniospinal or whole-ventricular radiotherapy depending on response and stage. (Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, Etoposide, Proton therapy)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.