Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/pancreatic-net/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
24 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Ki-67 index and mitotic count, Chromogranin A, Somatostatin receptor PET, Fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin, Fasting gastrin and gastric pH), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis and staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Gallium-68 DOTATATE (and Cu-64 DOTATATE), and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.For my situation (localised, resectable), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.For my situation (functioning syndromes), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), Everolimus, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (advanced, first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), Lutetium-177 dotatate, Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM), and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.How do the results of CLARINET and Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Lutathera in Patients With Grade 2 and Grade 3 Advanced GEP-NET apply to someone like me?
- 13.For my situation (progression on a somatostatin analogue), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 14.Am I a candidate for Lutetium-177 dotatate, Everolimus, Sunitinib or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 15.How do the results of RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4 and CABINET (Alliance A021602) apply to someone like me?
- 16.For my situation (liver-dominant disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 17.For my situation (vhl-associated pancreatic net), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 18.Am I a candidate for Belzutifan, and what side effects should I expect?
- 19.How do the results of Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL apply to someone like me?
- 20.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of 177Lu-edotreotide, COMPETE, Lutetium 177Lu-Edotreotide Versus Best Standard of Care in Well-differentiated Aggressive Grade-2 and Grade-3 GastroEnteroPancreatic NeuroEndocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) - COMPOSE, Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL?
- 21.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 22.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 23.I read that “The best order of radioligand therapy, everolimus, sunitinib, cabozantinib and CAPTEM is unknown”. How does that affect my plan?
- 24.I read that “Which small non-functioning tumours can safely be watched rather than resected”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- MEN1 and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes: Inherited conditions (MEN1, VHL, NF1, tuberous sclerosis) that cause neuroendocrine tumours, often multiple and at a young age, so families need genetic testing and surveillance.
- PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy): A radioactive drug for neuroendocrine tumours: a small peptide that homes to the somatostatin receptor on the tumour cells carries lutetium-177, which irradiates them from within.
- Chromogranin A: Chromogranin A is a protein released by neuroendocrine cells and measured in blood to follow tumour burden; it is unreliable because acid-reducing drugs and kidney disease also raise it.
- Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): The big operation for cancers of the head of the pancreas: the surgeon removes the pancreatic head, the duodenum, the gallbladder and part of the bile duct, then reconnects everything.
- Neuroendocrine tumour grade (Ki-67) and WHO classification: How fast the tumour cells are dividing, measured by Ki-67 staining, separates slow-growing neuroendocrine tumours from aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas and decides the treatment.
- Liver-directed therapy (TACE, TARE, HAI, ablation): The set of treatments aimed only at tumours in the liver, delivered through its artery or by needle, used when the liver is the main or only site of disease: chemoembolisation, radioactive beads, ablation and infusion pumps.
- Hepatectomy (liver resection): Cutting out the part of the liver containing tumour.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis and staging: Contrast CT or MRI, somatostatin receptor PET, biopsy with Ki-67 grading, chromogranin A, hormone assays where a syndrome is suspected, and germline testing.
Biomarker results to ask for: Ki-67 index and mitotic count (WHO grade), Chromogranin A (monitoring), Somatostatin receptor PET (staging and radioligand eligibility), Fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin (insulinoma), Fasting gastrin and gastric pH (gastrinoma), Germline MEN1, VHL, NF1 and TSC testing, MEN1, DAXX and ATRX status in the tumour (prognostic, research), MGMT status (CAPTEM response, investigational).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Germline (hereditary) testing, PET/CT, Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Localised, resectable: Enucleation or distal pancreatectomy for small tumours, Whipple procedure for tumours in the head, lymphadenectomy for tumours over two centimetres; surveillance for small non-functioning tumours. (Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), Robotic & minimally invasive surgery)
- Functioning syndromes: Surgery for insulinoma with diazoxide or everolimus to control hypoglycaemia beforehand; high-dose proton-pump inhibitors and resection for gastrinoma; somatostatin analogues for glucagonoma and VIPoma. (Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), Everolimus, MEN1 and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes)
- Advanced, first line: Lanreotide or octreotide (CLARINET); lutetium-177 dotatate first line for grade 2 to 3 tumours with a Ki-67 of 10 percent or more (NETTER-2); CAPTEM when shrinkage is needed. (Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), CLARINET, Lutetium-177 dotatate, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Lutathera in Patients With Grade 2 and Grade 3 Advanced GEP-NET, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM))
- Progression on a somatostatin analogue: Lutetium-177 dotatate; everolimus (RADIANT-3); sunitinib; cabozantinib (CABINET); CAPTEM or streptozocin-based chemotherapy. (Lutetium-177 dotatate, Everolimus, RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4, Sunitinib, Cabozantinib, CABINET (Alliance A021602), Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM), Streptozocin)
- Liver-dominant disease: Resection, thermal ablation, chemoembolisation or radioembolisation, alongside systemic therapy. (Hepatectomy (liver resection), Thermal ablation (RFA, microwave, cryo), Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE), Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90), Liver-directed therapy (TACE, TARE, HAI, ablation))
- VHL-associated pancreatic NET: Belzutifan for tumours not requiring immediate surgery (approved 2021). (Belzutifan, Belzutifan/MK-6482 for the Treatment of Advanced Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma (PPGL), Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL, MEN1 and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.