Pituitary tumours (pituitary neuroendocrine tumours) and pituitary carcinoma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/pituitary-tumours/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
14 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Serum prolactin, IGF-1, cortisol and ACTH, TSH, Transcription factor lineageand hormone immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 and mitotic count, MGMT expression, Cavernous sinus invasionon MRI), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (prolactinoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (acromegaly, cushing disease, symptomatic non-functioning tumours), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.For my situation (aggressive pitnet or pituitary carcinoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Temozolomide, Lutetium-177 dotatate, Bevacizumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Temozolomide, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)?
- 11.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 12.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 13.I read that “Predicting aggressive behaviour at diagnosis: lineage, Ki-67 and molecular markers are being combined into risk scores”. How does that affect my plan?
- 14.I read that “Salvage after temozolomide: PRRT, immunotherapy and bevacizumab have only case-series evidence”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- MGMT promoter methylation: A chemical switch that turns off a DNA-repair gene.
- Rare cancers: Rare cancers are those with fewer than about 6 new cases per 100,000 people per year.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Serum prolactin, IGF-1, cortisol and ACTH, TSH, Transcription factor lineage (PIT1, TPIT, SF1) and hormone immunohistochemistry (WHO 2022), Ki-67 and mitotic count, MGMT expression (temozolomide response), Cavernous sinus invasion (Knosp grade) on MRI, Germline AIP and MEN1 in young or familial cases.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: MRI, Intraoperative MRI and CT.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Prolactinoma: Cabergoline first line, titrated to normal prolactin and tumour shrinkage; surgery for resistance, intolerance or pituitary apoplexy. (Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs))
- Acromegaly, Cushing disease, symptomatic non-functioning tumours: Endoscopic transsphenoidal resection; medical therapy for persistent disease (somatostatin analogues, pasireotide, pegvisomant for acromegaly; osilodrostat, metyrapone for Cushing); radiotherapy or radiosurgery for residual tumour. (Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide), SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy), IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam))
- Aggressive PitNET or pituitary carcinoma: Temozolomide (standard schedule, at least 3 cycles before assessing response), with radiotherapy where not previously given; PRRT for SSTR-positive tumours, bevacizumab or checkpoint inhibitors in trials or case series after temozolomide failure. (Temozolomide, Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), Lutetium-177 dotatate, Bevacizumab)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.