Loading
10 slides generated from the cancer page, with a quiz from the open benchmark and speaker notes that cite the sources. Arrow keys move between slides; Print gives one slide per page.
Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment.
Very low and low risk localised prostate cancer is defined by the NCCN as clinical stage T1 to T2a, Grade Group 1 (Gleason 3+3) and PSA below 10 ng/mL; very low risk adds fewer than three positive cores, under half of any core involved and a PSA density below 0.15. It is found by PSA testing followed by MRI and targeted biopsy, the pathway PRECISION showed finds more dangerous cancers with fewer needles. Active surveillance, with PSA every six months, repeat MRI and repeat biopsy, is the preferred option: ProtecT followed 1,643 men for fifteen years and found prostate cancer deaths of around 3 percent in every arm, whether monitored, operated on or irradiated. Men who prefer or later need treatment have radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy (now moderately hypofractionated after CHHiP, or five fractions of stereotactic radiotherapy after PACE-B) or brachytherapy, without hormone therapy. Genomic classifiers and AI pathology can refine who is safe to watch, and germline testing is offered when the family history suggests it.
| Setting | Approach | Guideline |
|---|---|---|
| Very low and low risk, preferred | Active surveillance with PSA every six months, MRI and repeat biopsy; treatment only on progression to Grade Group 2 or more. | not mapped |
| Low risk, men who prefer treatment | Radical prostatectomy, moderately hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy, five-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy or brachytherapy, without hormone therapy. | not mapped |
| Diagnosis | MRI before biopsy and targeted plus systematic cores; genomic classifiers or AI pathology to refine surveillance decisions. | not mapped |