PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors
Drugs against one of the most commonly mutated growth pathways in cancer, now used with hormone therapy in breast cancer and in kidney and neuroendocrine tumours, with high blood sugar as the shared side effect.
Overview
The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is altered in a large share of tumours. Rapalogues (everolimus, temsirolimus) were approved first, for kidney cancer and later breast and neuroendocrine tumours. Alpelisib (PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer, 2019), capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor, 2023) and inavolisib (a PI3K-alpha degrader-like inhibitor, 2024) followed in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with fulvestrant. Hyperglycaemia, rash and stomatitis limit dosing, and mutant-selective PI3K-alpha inhibitors aim to spare wild-type enzyme.
How it works
ATP-competitive or allosteric inhibitors block PI3K catalytic subunits, AKT or mTORC1, cutting the survival and growth signalling downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and PIK3CA mutations.
- Approved in several diseases
- Combination with endocrine therapy extends control in breast cancer
- Biomarker-selected use
- Hyperglycaemia and rash limit doses
- Feedback activation blunts single-agent effect
- Modest survival gains
Latest papers
topQuery for this technology: (TITLE:"PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors" OR ABSTRACT:"PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors, not a curated reading list.
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