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3 treatment settings, 2 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Maximal safe resection, second-look surgery for residual disease, then conformal or proton radiotherapy to the tumour bed (ACNS0121 approach); craniospinal irradiation only for disseminated disease.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves, with no ionising radiation, to picture soft tissue in finer contrast than CT, so it is the standard scan for brain tumours, prostate, rectal cancer staging, liver lesions and breast screening in high-risk women. It is slow, expensive and blurred by movement.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
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Chemotherapy (vincristine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide-based) to delay radiotherapy or facilitate second surgery, per SIOP Ependymoma II and COG protocols.
A plant-derived chemotherapy from the Madagascar periwinkle that has been in almost every childhood leukaemia and lymphoma regimen since the 1960s.
Carboplatin is a platinum chemotherapy that crosslinks DNA; it is part of the standard pre-surgery regimen for triple-negative breast cancer.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy that damages DNA in dividing cells. It is part of CHOP for lymphoma, AC for breast cancer and VAC for childhood sarcomas, clears lymphocytes before CAR-T and prevents graft-versus-host disease after transplant; bladder bleeding, infertility and secondary leukaemia are its harms.
Etoposide is a chemotherapy from the mayapple plant, essential to curing testicular cancer (BEP), treating small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas, childhood sarcomas and leukaemias, and used in transplant conditioning.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
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Repeat resection and re-irradiation (focal or craniospinal) where feasible; no standard systemic therapy, so trial enrolment (including Pediatric MATCH-style molecular assignment) is recommended.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
Actionable alteration in 31.5% of the first 1,000 tumours; 28.4% assigned and 13.1% enrolled on a treatment arm.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.