What changed: Germ cell tumours of childhood and adolescence (extracranial and CNS)

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SIOPEL 6 (NEJM 2018) and ACCL0431 show reduced cisplatin ototoxicity; FDA approval 2022.

Joint COG/CCLG trial of active surveillance and carboplatin versus cisplatin.

Frazier and colleagues (JCO) combine COG and CCLG data to define shared risk groups.

POG/CCG intergroup studies show surgery alone is safe for low-stage disease.

UKCCSG shows carboplatin can replace cisplatin in children with less hearing and kidney toxicity.

Einhorn's PVB regimen in testicular cancer, later adapted to children.