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One of Romania's three cancer institutes, founded by a Ministry of Health decision of 1949 and working on the Fundeni medical campus in Bucharest since 1989, with surgical, medical and paediatric oncology, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and cancer research laboratories.
The institute's own history traces it to the first anticancer centre, opened at Colțea Hospital in Bucharest in 1926 under Prof. Amza Jianu and Prof. Ion Jovin and moved to Filantropia Hospital in 1932. The Bucharest Oncology Institute was founded by a Ministry of Health decision published in February 1949 and began work on 21 December 1949, led first by Prof. Octav Costăchel and then by Prof. Alexandru Trestioreanu, whose name it carries. It describes itself as the first hospital in which complex cancer treatment combining chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy and surgery was used, and moved to the Fundeni medical campus in February 1989.
Its departments include three surgical oncology wards and thoracic surgery, two medical oncology wards, paediatric oncology, three radiotherapy wards with an isotope therapy unit and a high-energy radiotherapy laboratory, nuclear medicine, pathology, and laboratories for cancer biochemistry and radiobiology, cancer biology and chemical carcinogenesis. The National Oncology Programme names it among the units doing breast reconstruction with implants. The OECD and European Commission's 2025 profile says Romania's three cancer institutes treat most of its cancer patients and that over half of their patients travel long distances from their home counties.
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