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One of Romania's three cancer institutes, founded in Cluj in 1929 by Prof. Iuliu Moldovan as an institute for the prevention and treatment of cancer, and a public body under the Ministry of Health.
The institute's own history says it was founded in 1929 by Prof. Iuliu Moldovan as the Institute for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cancer, and calls it one of the first such centres in Europe. Its first director, the gynaecologist Prof. Constantin Stanca (1929 to 1940), founded a school of gynaecological oncology, imported the first radium sources from Paris and started the journal Cancerul in 1933, which the institute calls the first oncology publication in Romania; the pathologist Prof. Rubin Popa led it from 1940 to 1957. Prof. Ion Chiricuță, a surgeon, took over in 1958, built the present institute at Strada Republicii 34-36, finished in 1965, and set out the principles it keeps: cooperation between surgeon, radiotherapist, medical oncologist and pathologist, research applied quickly to patients, and training of specialists.
It is a public body with legal personality under the Ministry of Health. The annex to Law 293/2022 lists Cluj as one of only two places with a working regional cancer registry. The National Oncology Programme names it among the units doing breast reconstruction with implants, and the OECD and European Commission's 2025 profile cites a 2020 survey by the National Institute of Public Health and the Institute of Oncology Cluj in which 75% of mothers asked favoured HPV vaccination for their daughters.
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