Quail and Joyce 2013: microenvironmental regulation of tumour progression and metastasis
A review of how the normal cells around a tumour, including fibroblasts, immune cells and blood vessels, are recruited to help it grow and spread, and how distant organs are prepared to receive metastases before the cancer cells arrive.
Overview
Quail and Joyce surveyed the tumour microenvironment at each step of progression and metastasis: how cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumour-associated macrophages, other myeloid and lymphoid cells and the vasculature support primary tumour growth, invasion and intravasation; how bone marrow-derived cells and tumour-secreted factors establish a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs; and how the microenvironment at secondary sites governs dormancy and outgrowth. They discussed therapies aimed at these host cells, including macrophage-targeting and anti-angiogenic drugs, as complements to treatments aimed at the cancer cell.
- Stromal, immune and vascular cells are co-opted at every stage from primary growth to metastatic colonisation.
- Tumour-derived factors and bone marrow-derived cells prepare pre-metastatic niches in distant organs before cancer cells arrive.
- The microenvironment at secondary sites controls whether disseminated cells stay dormant or grow out.
This review is the standard map of the tumour microenvironment and the reason microenvironment-directed drugs, from anti-angiogenics to macrophage and fibroblast targeting agents, are developed alongside tumour-cell-directed ones.
- A review; many mechanisms rest on mouse models.
- Microenvironment-targeted therapies have had mixed clinical success so far.
Similar pages
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