Advanced melanoma (unresectable stage III and stage IV)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/advanced-melanoma/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
24 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example BRAF V600 mutation, Lactate dehydrogenase, PD-L1 expression, Tumour mutational burden and interferon-gamma signature, NRAS and KIT mutations), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (first line, fit patient), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Relatlimab + nivolumab or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of CheckMate 067 and RELATIVITY-047 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (braf v600-mutant, after immunotherapy or when rapid control is needed), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Dabrafenib + trametinib, Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.How do the results of COLUMBUS and COMBI-d apply to someone like me?
- 11.For my situation (brain metastases), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.How do the results of CheckMate 204 apply to someone like me?
- 14.For my situation (after pd-1 failure), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 15.Am I a candidate for Lifileucel, Vusolimogene oderparepvec, Ipilimumab or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 16.How do the results of C-144-01 apply to someone like me?
- 17.For my situation (treatment duration), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 18.How do the results of KEYNOTE-006 apply to someone like me?
- 19.For my situation (oligometastatic disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 20.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma), Fianlimab, PRISM-MEL-301, Brenetafusp?
- 21.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 22.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 23.I read that “About four in ten patients never respond to PD-1 blockade and no biomarker reliably identifies them”. How does that affect my plan?
- 24.I read that “Who needs the ipilimumab component and its toxicity, and whether relatlimab can replace it, has not been settled”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Fixed-duration vs continuous therapy: Whether a drug is taken for a set period (say 12 months) and then stopped even though it is still working, or continued indefinitely until it fails.
- Immune-related adverse events (irAEs): Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are the autoimmune side effects of checkpoint inhibitors: colitis, thyroid problems, rash, hepatitis, pneumonitis.
- Brain metastases (intracranial disease): Tumour deposits that have travelled to the brain from a cancer elsewhere, ten times more common than cancers that start in the brain, mostly from lung, breast, melanoma and kidney cancer.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: BRAF V600 mutation (decides the targeted-therapy option), Lactate dehydrogenase (prognostic and part of staging), PD-L1 expression (weakly predictive; not used to withhold therapy), Tumour mutational burden and interferon-gamma signature (exploratory), NRAS and KIT mutations (trial eligibility, imatinib in KIT-mutant disease), HLA-A*02:01 (tebentafusp eligibility in uveal melanoma only).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- First line, fit patient: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab (CheckMate 067) or nivolumab plus relatlimab (RELATIVITY-047); anti-PD-1 monotherapy where toxicity must be minimised (KEYNOTE-006). Immunotherapy first even when BRAF-mutant (DREAMseq). (CheckMate 067, RELATIVITY-047, KEYNOTE-006, DREAMseq (ECOG-ACRIN EA6134), Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Relatlimab + nivolumab, Pembrolizumab)
- BRAF V600-mutant, after immunotherapy or when rapid control is needed: Dabrafenib-trametinib, encorafenib-binimetinib or vemurafenib-cobimetinib. (BRAF V600-mutant melanoma, Dabrafenib + trametinib, Encorafenib, Binimetinib, COLUMBUS, COMBI-d, coBRIM)
- Brain metastases: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab first for asymptomatic lesions (CheckMate 204); radiosurgery for symptomatic or progressing lesions; dabrafenib-trametinib in BRAF-mutant disease needing fast control. See the brain metastases page. (CheckMate 204, Brain metastases (secondary brain tumours), Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS), Nivolumab, Ipilimumab)
- After PD-1 failure: Lifileucel TIL therapy (C-144-01); RP1 with nivolumab; ipilimumab-based combinations; clinical trials; imatinib for KIT-mutant tumours. (Lifileucel, C-144-01, TIL therapy, Vusolimogene oderparepvec, Ipilimumab, Imatinib)
- Treatment duration: Stop anti-PD-1 therapy after two years or after a confirmed complete response; most remissions hold off treatment (KEYNOTE-006). (KEYNOTE-006, Fixed-duration vs continuous therapy)
- Oligometastatic disease: Surgery or radiosurgery for isolated metastases alongside systemic therapy; isolated limb perfusion for limb-confined disease. (Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS), Isolated limb perfusion and infusion)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.