Acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/apl/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
17 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example PML::RARA fusion by PCR or FISH, tkaryotype, White cell count at presentation, Fibrinogen, D-dimer and platelet count, PML::RARA transcript MRD after consolidation), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (suspected apl, first hours), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA), and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.For my situation (low- and intermediate-risk), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.Am I a candidate for Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA), Arsenic trioxide, Dexamethasone, and what side effects should I expect?
- 9.For my situation (high-risk), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA), Arsenic trioxide, Idarubicin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.For my situation (molecular relapse), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Arsenic trioxide, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Arsenic trioxide, Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA)?
- 14.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 15.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 16.I read that “Early haemorrhagic death before treatment starts, especially where diagnosis is slow”. How does that affect my plan?
- 17.I read that “Treatment of variant RARA fusions that do not respond to arsenic or retinoic acid”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Differentiation syndrome: When a targeted drug makes leukaemia cells mature all at once, causing fever, fluid in the lungs, and weight gain.
- Cytogenetics and karyotype: Looking at a cancer's chromosomes under the microscope to find missing, extra, broken or swapped pieces.
- Minimal / molecular residual disease (MRD): Cancer still present after treatment but too small to see on scans, detected by blood or marrow tests.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: PML::RARA fusion by PCR or FISH, t(15;17) karyotype, White cell count at presentation (Sanz risk), Fibrinogen, D-dimer and platelet count, PML::RARA transcript MRD after consolidation, FLT3-ITD (common in the microgranular variant).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Cytogenetics and FISH.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Low- and intermediate-risk: All-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide induction and consolidation without chemotherapy (APL0406); dexamethasone prophylaxis or treatment for differentiation syndrome. (Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA), Arsenic trioxide, Dexamethasone)
- High-risk: All-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide with idarubicin or gemtuzumab ozogamicin added during induction to control the white count. (Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA), Arsenic trioxide, Idarubicin, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin)
- Suspected APL, first hours: Start all-trans retinoic acid on morphological suspicion; transfuse platelets and fibrinogen to targets; avoid invasive procedures until coagulopathy is controlled. (Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA), Transfusion support and anaemia management)
- Molecular relapse: Arsenic-based salvage to molecular remission, then autologous transplant if PML::RARA negative, allogeneic transplant if not. (Arsenic trioxide, Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy), Allogeneic stem cell transplantation)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.