Buccal mucosa and gingivobuccal cancer (oral cancer in India)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/buccal-mucosa-cancer/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
21 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Depth of invasion and bone invasion, Masticator space involvement, Extranodal extension and margin status, Oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia, TP53 mutation), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (screening in high-risk populations), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.How do the results of Kerala oral cancer visual screening trial (Trivandrum) apply to someone like me?
- 7.For my situation (resectable disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.How do the results of Elective vs therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (Tata Memorial) apply to someone like me?
- 9.For my situation (borderline resectable (masticator space involvement)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Docetaxel, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil (5-FU), and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.For my situation (after surgery), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Cisplatin, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.For my situation (palliative and recurrent disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 14.Am I a candidate for Methotrexate, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 15.How do the results of Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial) and Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial) apply to someone like me?
- 16.For my situation (prevention), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 17.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial), METRO PLUS (Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi), Oral cancer visual screening, NIVOPOSTOP (GORTEC 2018-01)?
- 18.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 19.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 20.I read that “Late presentation and rising incidence as areca nut and gutka use spread”. How does that affect my plan?
- 21.I read that “Access to pembrolizumab, cetuximab and radiotherapy machines outside big cities”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Extranodal extension (ENE): Extranodal extension means cancer in a lymph node has burst through the node's capsule into the surrounding fat; in head and neck cancer it is the single finding after surgery that most often turns radiotherapy into chemoradiotherapy, and in HPV-negative disease it moves the stage up.
- Depth of invasion (DOI): Depth of invasion is how far down a cancer has grown from the surface it started on, measured in millimetres on the pathology slide; in mouth cancer it now sets the T stage and a depth over 4 mm means the neck nodes are treated even when they look clean, and in early stomach cancer it decides whether an endoscopic removal was enough.
- Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT): Radiotherapy given at the same time as chemotherapy, which sensitises the cancer to radiation.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Depth of invasion and bone invasion (marginal versus segmental mandibulectomy), Masticator space involvement (resectability), Extranodal extension and margin status, Oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia (precursors), TP53 mutation, PD-L1 combined positive score (recurrent disease).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Oral cancer visual screening.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Screening in high-risk populations: Visual oral examination by trained health workers for tobacco and alcohol users (Kerala trial); treatment of leukoplakia and management of oral submucous fibrosis. (Kerala oral cancer visual screening trial (Trivandrum), Oral cancer visual screening)
- Prevention: Smokeless tobacco and areca nut cessation, gutka bans, and oral screening in high-risk people. (Smoking cessation in cancer patients, Oral cancer visual screening)
- Resectable disease: Wide excision with marginal or segmental mandibulectomy as needed, elective or therapeutic neck dissection (Tata Memorial trial), and free-flap reconstruction. (Elective vs therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (Tata Memorial), IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam))
- Borderline resectable (masticator space involvement): Induction docetaxel-cisplatin-fluorouracil to shrink technically unresectable tumours, then surgery in responders (Tata Memorial practice); chemoradiation otherwise. (Docetaxel, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil (5-FU), Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT))
- After surgery: Postoperative radiotherapy for advanced stage, perineural invasion or nodes; cisplatin chemoradiation for extranodal extension or positive margins. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Cisplatin, Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT))
- Palliative and recurrent disease: Oral metronomic methotrexate with celecoxib; low-dose nivolumab added where affordable; metronomic tablets with paclitaxel-carboplatin (METRO PLUS); pembrolizumab where available. (Methotrexate, Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial), Nivolumab, Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial), METRO PLUS (Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi), Pembrolizumab)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.