Central nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/cns-germ-cell-tumours/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
17 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Alpha-fetoprotein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Beta-hCG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Placental alkaline phosphatase and c-KIT on germinoma cells, Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and spinal MRI for staging, Pituitary hormone panel for suprasellar tumours), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (localised germinoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Carboplatin, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.For my situation (disseminated germinoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.For my situation (non-germinomatous germ cell tumour), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Etoposide or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (teratoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.For my situation (relapse), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Thiotepa, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Proton therapy, Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)?
- 14.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 15.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 16.I read that “Which non-germinomatous patients can safely avoid craniospinal irradiation”. How does that affect my plan?
- 17.I read that “Late endocrine, cognitive and vascular effects of radiotherapy in survivors treated as teenagers”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Re-irradiation: Giving radiotherapy again to a region that has already been treated, once thought impossible because normal tissues remember the first dose.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): Alpha-fetoprotein is a protein made by the fetal liver that a substantial share of hepatocellular carcinomas switch back on.
- Late effects and survivorship toxicity: Health problems appearing months or decades after treatment ends: heart damage, infertility, second cancers, lymphoedema, dry mouth, memory problems, weak bones.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Alpha-fetoprotein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Beta-hCG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Placental alkaline phosphatase and c-KIT on germinoma cells, Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and spinal MRI for staging, Pituitary hormone panel for suprasellar tumours.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: MRI.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Localised germinoma: Platinum-based chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide, with ifosfamide in the SIOP schedule) followed by reduced-dose whole-ventricular irradiation with a tumour boost (SIOP CNS GCT II, ACNS1123); craniospinal irradiation alone remains an alternative in adults. (Carboplatin, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Proton therapy)
- Disseminated germinoma: Craniospinal irradiation with boosts, with or without chemotherapy. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Proton therapy)
- Non-germinomatous germ cell tumour: Intensive cisplatin or carboplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide chemotherapy, second-look surgery for residual disease, then craniospinal or whole-ventricular irradiation depending on stage and response (ACNS0122, ACNS1123, SIOP CNS GCT II). (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Proton therapy)
- Teratoma: Complete surgical resection; growing teratoma after chemotherapy is also managed surgically. (MRI)
- Relapse: High-dose chemotherapy (thiotepa-based) with autologous stem cell rescue, with re-irradiation where possible. (Thiotepa, Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy), Re-irradiation)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.