Essential thrombocythaemia (ET)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/essential-thrombocythaemia/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
20 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Platelet count above 450 x 10^9/L, JAK2 V617F, CALR exon 9 and MPL W515 mutations, IPSET-thrombosis score, Marrow histology to exclude prefibrotic myelofibrosis, Acquired von Willebrand deficiency at platelet counts above 1,000 x 10^9/L), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (very low and low risk), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Aspirin, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.For my situation (high risk (over 60 with jak2 or prior clot)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide), Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, Anagrelide, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.How do the results of PT-1 (Primary Thrombocythaemia 1) apply to someone like me?
- 11.For my situation (hydroxyurea resistance or intolerance), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Anagrelide, Ruxolitinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.How do the results of MAJIC-ET apply to someone like me?
- 14.For my situation (progression to myelofibrosis), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 15.Am I a candidate for Ruxolitinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 16.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Bomedemstat, Ropeginterferon alfa-2b?
- 17.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 18.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 19.I read that “No treatment has been shown to prevent progression to myelofibrosis or leukaemia”. How does that affect my plan?
- 20.I read that “Very low-risk patients receive nothing and low-risk patients aspirin, but the evidence for aspirin in CALR-mutated low-risk disease is thin and bleeding may outweigh benefit”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- JAK2 V617F: A single letter change in the JAK2 gene that jams the growth signal for blood cells in the on position.
- Post-PV myelofibrosis (spent phase): The late stage some people with polycythaemia vera reach after many years, when the marrow scars over, the red count falls and the spleen swells.
- Erythromelalgia: Burning pain, redness and heat in the hands or feet, brought on by warmth.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis: Full blood count, JAK2, CALR and MPL testing, bone marrow biopsy to confirm ET and exclude prefibrotic myelofibrosis, and exclusion of reactive causes (iron deficiency, inflammation, infection, splenectomy).
Biomarker results to ask for: Platelet count above 450 x 10^9/L, JAK2 V617F, CALR exon 9 and MPL W515 mutations, IPSET-thrombosis score (age over 60, prior thrombosis, JAK2 V617F, cardiovascular risk factors), Marrow histology to exclude prefibrotic myelofibrosis, Acquired von Willebrand deficiency at platelet counts above 1,000 x 10^9/L (bleeding risk with aspirin).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Very low and low risk: Observation alone in very low risk (under 60, no clot, JAK2-negative); low-dose aspirin for low risk and for anyone with microvascular symptoms, once acquired von Willebrand deficiency is excluded at very high platelet counts. (Aspirin, Erythromelalgia)
- High risk (over 60 with JAK2 or prior clot): Cytoreduction to a platelet count under 400 x 10^9/L: hydroxyurea first line (PT-1), pegylated or ropeginterferon alfa-2b preferred under 60 and in pregnancy, anagrelide second line. (Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide), PT-1 (Primary Thrombocythaemia 1), Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, Anagrelide)
- Progression to myelofibrosis: Managed as myelofibrosis: JAK inhibitors for spleen and symptoms, transplant for fit higher-risk patients. (Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis), Post-PV myelofibrosis (spent phase), Ruxolitinib)
- Hydroxyurea resistance or intolerance: Switch to interferon or anagrelide; ruxolitinib did not beat best available therapy in MAJIC-ET but relieves symptoms. (Anagrelide, Ruxolitinib, MAJIC-ET)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.