Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar and distal)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/extrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
25 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Bismuth-Corlette type and vascular involvement on MRI and CT, CA 19-9 after biliary decompression, HER2 amplification and overexpression, KRAS and TP53, Microsatellite instability and BRAF V600E), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis and jaundice), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (resectable perihilar), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Capecitabine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.How do the results of BILCAP apply to someone like me?
- 9.For my situation (resectable distal), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Capecitabine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.How do the results of BILCAP apply to someone like me?
- 12.For my situation (unresectable perihilar, selected), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.For my situation (advanced, first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 14.Am I a candidate for Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 15.How do the results of TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 apply to someone like me?
- 16.For my situation (advanced, her2-positive after chemotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 17.Am I a candidate for Zanidatamab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, and what side effects should I expect?
- 18.How do the results of HERIZON-BTC-302 apply to someone like me?
- 19.For my situation (second line without a target), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 20.Am I a candidate for FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), Pembrolizumab, Dabrafenib + trametinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 21.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Zanidatamab, HERIZON-BTC-302, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Biliary stenting and drainage?
- 22.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 23.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 24.I read that “Most perihilar tumours are unresectable at presentation, and half of resections leave microscopic disease”. How does that affect my plan?
- 25.I read that “Biliary obstruction and cholangitis, not the cancer's growth, often end treatment”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): The big operation for cancers of the head of the pancreas: the surgeon removes the pancreatic head, the duodenum, the gallbladder and part of the bile duct, then reconnects everything.
- CA 19-9: A sugar molecule shed into the blood by most pancreatic cancers; useful to follow treatment, not to screen.
- Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection): Surgically removing the lymph nodes that drain a tumour, both to stage the cancer and to clear any spread.
- Hepatectomy (liver resection): Cutting out the part of the liver containing tumour.
- Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP): Looking inside a hollow organ with a camera on a flexible tube, taking biopsies and sometimes treating on the spot.
- Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR): Microsatellite instability is the mark of a broken DNA spell-checker (loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2) that leaves thousands of mutations, so the tumour displays abnormal proteins that T cells can recognise.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis and jaundice: MRI with cholangiography and CT for staging, endoscopic brushing or biopsy, and biliary drainage by stent or percutaneous route with antibiotics for cholangitis.
Biomarker results to ask for: Bismuth-Corlette type and vascular involvement on MRI and CT (resectability), CA 19-9 after biliary decompression, HER2 amplification and overexpression (about one in six), KRAS and TP53 (prognostic), Microsatellite instability and BRAF V600E (rare, actionable), Bilirubin and future liver remnant volume before surgery.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: CT (computed tomography), MRI.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Resectable perihilar: Bile duct resection with hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy after portal vein embolisation and drainage where needed, then six months of capecitabine (BILCAP). (Hepatectomy (liver resection), Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection), BILCAP, Capecitabine)
- Resectable distal: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) with lymphadenectomy, then adjuvant capecitabine. (Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection), BILCAP, Capecitabine)
- Unresectable perihilar, selected: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by liver transplantation under the Mayo protocol in specialist centres. (Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond))
- Advanced, first line: Gemcitabine and cisplatin with durvalumab (TOPAZ-1) or pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-966). (TOPAZ-1, KEYNOTE-966, ABC-02, Gemcitabine + cisplatin, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, Gemcitabine-cisplatin + PD-(L)1 blockade in biliary cancer)
- Advanced, HER2-positive after chemotherapy: Zanidatamab (HERIZON-BTC-01) or trastuzumab deruxtecan; zanidatamab first line in HERIZON-BTC-302. (Zanidatamab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, HER2, HERIZON-BTC-302)
- Second line without a target: FOLFOX (ABC-06); pembrolizumab for microsatellite-unstable tumours, dabrafenib-trametinib for BRAF V600E. (FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), Pembrolizumab, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), Dabrafenib + trametinib)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.