Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/extrapulmonary-nec/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
19 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Ki-67 above 20 percent, usually far higher, with poorly differentiated morphology, Synaptophysin, chromogranin and INSM1 by immunohistochemistry, p53 and Rb by immunohistochemistry, FDG PET, DLL3 expression), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis and staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (localised disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), Etoposide, Cisplatin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.For my situation (metastatic, first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), Etoposide, Carboplatin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (second line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan), FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM) or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.How do the results of DART (SWOG S1609): nivolumab plus ipilimumab in rare tumours and DAREON®-NEC-1: A Study in People With Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Cancer (epNEC) to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide Treatment With Standard Chemotherapy apply to someone like me?
- 13.For my situation (ki-67 near 20 to 55 percent with well-differentiated features), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 14.Am I a candidate for Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM), Lutetium-177 dotatate, and what side effects should I expect?
- 15.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of DAREON®-NEC-1: A Study in People With Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Cancer (epNEC) to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide Treatment With Standard Chemotherapy, DAREON™-5: A Study to Test Whether Different Doses of BI 764532 Help People With Small Cell Lung Cancer or Other Neuroendocrine Cancers, A Study of Peluntamig (PT217) in Patients With Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Expressing DLL3 (the SKYBRIDGE Study), Peluntamig?
- 16.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 17.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 18.I read that “No randomised trial has improved on platinum-etoposide in first line”. How does that affect my plan?
- 19.I read that “Whether adding a PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody helps, as it does in small-cell lung cancer, is untested in a phase 3”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Radiotherapy: Using high-energy X-rays or particles to damage the DNA of cancer cells in a precisely aimed volume of the body.
- Tumour differentiation (well / moderately / poorly differentiated): How much the cancer cells still resemble the normal tissue they came from.
- Neuroendocrine tumour grade (Ki-67) and WHO classification: How fast the tumour cells are dividing, measured by Ki-67 staining, separates slow-growing neuroendocrine tumours from aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas and decides the treatment.
- Histologic transformation: When a lung adenocarcinoma escapes targeted therapy by turning into a different cell type, usually small-cell.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis and staging: Biopsy with Ki-67, morphology and p53 or Rb immunohistochemistry to separate carcinoma from grade 3 tumour; FDG PET and CT; somatostatin receptor PET only if radioligand therapy is contemplated.
Biomarker results to ask for: Ki-67 above 20 percent, usually far higher, with poorly differentiated morphology, Synaptophysin, chromogranin and INSM1 by immunohistochemistry (chromogranin may be weak), p53 and Rb by immunohistochemistry (abnormal in carcinoma, retained in grade 3 tumour), FDG PET (somatostatin receptor PET usually negative), DLL3 expression (trial eligibility), BRAF V600E and microsatellite instability in colorectal NEC, Ki-67 above or below 55 percent (platinum sensitivity, NORDIC NEC).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: CT (computed tomography), PET (positron emission tomography), Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE), MRD / molecular residual disease testing.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Localised disease: Resection or definitive chemoradiotherapy with perioperative platinum-etoposide, following the limited-stage small-cell lung cancer model. (Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), Etoposide, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Radiotherapy)
- Metastatic, first line: Platinum with etoposide (cisplatin or carboplatin), with a PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody added by extrapolation from small-cell lung cancer or within a trial. (Platinum + etoposide (EP / CE), Etoposide, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab)
- Ki-67 near 20 to 55 percent with well-differentiated features: Reclassify as grade 3 neuroendocrine tumour and treat accordingly. (Neuroendocrine tumour grade (Ki-67) and WHO classification, Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM), Lutetium-177 dotatate)
- Second line: FOLFIRI, FOLFOX, capecitabine-temozolomide or topotecan; nivolumab with ipilimumab in selected patients (DART); DLL3-directed T-cell engagers in trials. (FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan), FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), Capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM), Topotecan, Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, DART (SWOG S1609): nivolumab plus ipilimumab in rare tumours, DAREON®-NEC-1: A Study in People With Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Cancer (epNEC) to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide Treatment With Standard Chemotherapy, DAREON™-5: A Study to Test Whether Different Doses of BI 764532 Help People With Small Cell Lung Cancer or Other Neuroendocrine Cancers, DLL3)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.