KRAS wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/kras-wild-type-pdac/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
23 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example KRAS wild-type status on tumour or plasma sequencing, RNA-based or comprehensive fusion testing for NRG1, NTRK, ALK, ROS1, FGFR2, RET, MET and BRAF fusions, BRAF V600E and in-frame deletion status, Mismatch repair immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability testing, ERBB2 amplification and GNAS mutation), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for FOLFIRINOX / mFOLFIRINOX, NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan + oxaliplatin + 5-FU/LV), Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.For my situation (nrg1 fusion), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Zenocutuzumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (ntrk fusion), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Larotrectinib, Entrectinib, Repotrectinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.For my situation (braf alteration), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.Am I a candidate for Dabrafenib + trametinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 14.For my situation (other fusions), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 15.Am I a candidate for Repotrectinib, Pembrolizumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 16.For my situation (no identified driver), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 17.Am I a candidate for Nimotuzumab, Gemcitabine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 18.How do the results of NOTABLE (nimotuzumab, KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancer) apply to someone like me?
- 19.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Zenocutuzumab, Repotrectinib, Nimotuzumab, NOTABLE (nimotuzumab, KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancer)?
- 20.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 21.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 22.I read that “Fusion testing is still missed when DNA panels are used alone, so many actionable tumours go unrecognised”. How does that affect my plan?
- 23.I read that “Each driver is too rare for pancreatic-specific randomised trials; evidence is extrapolated from lung cancer and basket studies”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- KRAS mutation subtypes (G12C, G12D, G12V): KRAS, the most commonly mutated cancer gene, comes in flavours named by the exact amino acid change.
- BRAF V600E mutation: A single spelling change in the BRAF gene that jams a growth switch permanently on.
- Drug resistance (primary and acquired): Why cancer drugs stop working: the tumour either never depended on the target or evolves around the block.
- Gene fusion: A gene fusion is two genes broken and joined together, creating a hybrid protein that can drive cancer.
- Driver mutation: One of the few mutations in a tumour that actually causes it to grow.
- Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR): Microsatellite instability is the mark of a broken DNA spell-checker (loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2) that leaves thousands of mutations, so the tumour displays abnormal proteins that T cells can recognise.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis: Comprehensive genomic profiling with fusion detection (RNA sequencing where DNA panels are negative) for every KRAS wild-type tumour; pathology review to exclude a periampullary primary.
Biomarker results to ask for: KRAS wild-type status on tumour or plasma sequencing (prompts fusion testing), RNA-based or comprehensive fusion testing for NRG1, NTRK, ALK, ROS1, FGFR2, RET, MET and BRAF fusions, BRAF V600E and in-frame deletion status, Mismatch repair immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability testing, ERBB2 amplification and GNAS mutation (IPMN-derived cancers), Review of histology and site to exclude ampullary, bile duct or duodenal primaries.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Comprehensive genomic profiling, Liquid biopsy (ctDNA).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- First line: Chemotherapy as for other pancreatic adenocarcinoma while sequencing is completed; a targeted drug first line only for NTRK or NRG1 fusions where the patient is unfit for chemotherapy. (FOLFIRINOX / mFOLFIRINOX, NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan + oxaliplatin + 5-FU/LV), Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel)
- NRG1 fusion: Zenocutuzumab (eNRGy), approved December 2024 for pancreatic cancer with an NRG1 fusion after prior systemic therapy. (Zenocutuzumab, HER3, HER2)
- NTRK fusion: Larotrectinib or entrectinib, approved for NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours; repotrectinib after resistance. (Larotrectinib, Entrectinib, Repotrectinib, NTRK)
- BRAF alteration: Dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E (tumour-agnostic approval); MEK inhibitors for BRAF in-frame deletions on case-series evidence. (Dabrafenib + trametinib, BRAF V600E mutation, BRAF)
- Other fusions: ALK, ROS1, RET and FGFR2 inhibitors extrapolated from other cancers; mismatch repair deficient tumours receive pembrolizumab. (Repotrectinib, Pembrolizumab, ALK, ROS1, FGFR2)
- No identified driver: Chemotherapy; nimotuzumab plus gemcitabine approved in China after NOTABLE. (Nimotuzumab, NOTABLE (nimotuzumab, KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancer), Gemcitabine)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.