Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/localised-anal-cancer/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
18 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example HPV and p16 status, T and N stage on MRI and PET-CT, HIV status and CD4 count, Clinical complete response at 26 weeks, Circulating HPV DNA), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (stage i to iii), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin C, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.How do the results of ACT II apply to someone like me?
- 9.For my situation (response assessment), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.How do the results of ACT II apply to someone like me?
- 11.For my situation (persistent or recurrent disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.For my situation (high-risk locally advanced disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.Am I a candidate for Nivolumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 14.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Circulating tumour HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA), Nivolumab, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)?
- 15.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 16.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 17.I read that “Radiotherapy dose for early and for locally advanced tumours is still being settled in PLATO”. How does that affect my plan?
- 18.I read that “About a quarter of patients with locally advanced disease relapse and need major surgery”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Clinical complete response (cCR): No sign of tumour on examination, endoscopy, and MRI after treatment, without surgery to confirm it.
- HPV-positive (p16) head and neck cancer: Throat cancers caused by the human papillomavirus, identified by a p16 stain.
- Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT): Radiotherapy given at the same time as chemotherapy, which sensitises the cancer to radiation.
Tests and results to bring
Staging: Pelvic MRI, PET-CT, examination of the groins, HIV testing and HPV or p16 status; biopsy of suspicious groin nodes.
Biomarker results to ask for: HPV and p16 status (favourable), T and N stage on MRI and PET-CT, HIV status and CD4 count, Clinical complete response at 26 weeks (ACT II), Circulating HPV DNA (investigational), PD-L1 (not required).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: MRI, PET/CT, Circulating tumour HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Stage I to III: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent fluorouracil (or capecitabine) and mitomycin, dose scaled to stage (ACT II, RTOG 98-11); small perianal tumours may be excised alone. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin C, ACT II, Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT))
- High-risk locally advanced disease: Trials of dose escalation (PLATO ACT5) and adjuvant nivolumab (EA2165); standard care remains chemoradiotherapy alone. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Nivolumab)
- Response assessment: Clinical assessment at 26 weeks; biopsy only if disease persists or grows, because regression continues for months (ACT II). (Clinical complete response (cCR), ACT II)
- Persistent or recurrent disease: Salvage abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy; inguinal node dissection or radiotherapy for isolated groin recurrence. (Robotic & minimally invasive surgery)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.