HPV-positive (p16) head and neck cancer
Throat cancers caused by the human papillomavirus, identified by a p16 stain. They affect younger non-smokers and are far more curable than tobacco-related cancers.
p16 immunohistochemistry is the surrogate for HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer (confirmed by HPV DNA/RNA where required). Incidence is rising in Western countries and now exceeds cervical cancer in the US. Separate AJCC 8th-edition staging; 3-year OS >80% with chemoradiation (RTOG 0129). De-escalation trials have so far failed to identify who can safely receive less treatment; HPV vaccination is expected to reduce incidence from the 2030s.
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