Metastatic and recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/metastatic-anal-cancer/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
15 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example HPV and p16 status, PD-L1, Circulating HPV DNA, HIV status and CD4 count, Mismatch repair and tumour mutational burden), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Retifanlimab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.For my situation (after platinum chemotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.Am I a candidate for Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Fluorouracil (5-FU), and what side effects should I expect?
- 9.For my situation (oligometastatic disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.For my situation (isolated pelvic recurrence), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Retifanlimab, Circulating tumour HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA), Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab?
- 12.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 13.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 14.I read that “Median survival remains under two years even with a PD-1 antibody added to chemotherapy”. How does that affect my plan?
- 15.I read that “No second-line standard exists after chemo-immunotherapy”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Re-irradiation: Giving radiotherapy again to a region that has already been treated, once thought impossible because normal tissues remember the first dose.
- HPV-positive (p16) head and neck cancer: Throat cancers caused by the human papillomavirus, identified by a p16 stain.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: HPV and p16 status, PD-L1 (not required for retifanlimab), Circulating HPV DNA (investigational monitoring), HIV status and CD4 count, Mismatch repair and tumour mutational burden (rarely relevant).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Circulating tumour HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- First line: Carboplatin and paclitaxel with retifanlimab (POD1UM-303, approved 2025); carboplatin and paclitaxel alone (InterAACT) where the antibody is unavailable or contraindicated. (Carboplatin, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Retifanlimab, Immune checkpoint inhibitors)
- Oligometastatic disease: Resection or stereotactic radiotherapy of limited liver or lung metastases alongside systemic therapy, on a case basis. (SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy))
- Isolated pelvic recurrence: Salvage abdominoperineal resection when the tumour is resectable; re-irradiation is rarely possible. (Robotic & minimally invasive surgery, Re-irradiation)
- After platinum chemotherapy: Nivolumab (NCI9673) or pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-158) if no prior PD-1 antibody; fluorouracil-based or taxane chemotherapy otherwise. (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Fluorouracil (5-FU))
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.