Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/recurrent-metastatic-hnscc/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
24 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example PD-L1 combined positive score, HPV and p16 status of oropharyngeal primaries, Platinum-free interval, EGFR expression, Circulating tumour DNA and HPV DNA), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (first line, combined positive score 1 or more), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of KEYNOTE-048 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (first line, combined positive score under 1 or immunotherapy unsuitable), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.How do the results of EXTREME and KEYNOTE-048 apply to someone like me?
- 11.For my situation (after platinum and immunotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Nivolumab, Cetuximab, Docetaxel or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.How do the results of CheckMate 141 apply to someone like me?
- 14.For my situation (locoregional recurrence), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 15.Am I a candidate for Cetuximab sarotalocan, and what side effects should I expect?
- 16.For my situation (resource-limited settings), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 17.Am I a candidate for Methotrexate, and what side effects should I expect?
- 18.How do the results of Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial) and Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial) apply to someone like me?
- 19.For my situation (symptom control), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 20.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Petosemtamab, LiGeR-HN1, A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Petosemtamab Compared With Investigator's Choice Monotherapy in Previously Treated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma P, Ficerafusp alfa?
- 21.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 22.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 23.I read that “Most patients still die within two years”. How does that affect my plan?
- 24.I read that “No test yet identifies the minority who gain years from immunotherapy”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- PD-L1 expression testing (22C3, SP142, SP263): A stain on the tumour biopsy that measures how much of the PD-L1 'don't attack me' protein is present, scored as a tumour proportion or combined positive score.
- Combined positive score (CPS): A PD-L1 score that counts stained tumour cells and immune cells together.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: PD-L1 combined positive score (22C3 assay), HPV and p16 status of oropharyngeal primaries, Platinum-free interval, EGFR expression (near universal, not predictive), Circulating tumour DNA and HPV DNA (emerging), Tumour mutational burden (pembrolizumab for 10 or more mutations per megabase).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Resource-limited settings: Oral metronomic methotrexate with celecoxib; low-dose nivolumab added where affordable; metronomic tablets with paclitaxel-carboplatin (METRO PLUS). (Methotrexate, Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial), Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial), METRO PLUS (Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi))
- First line, combined positive score 1 or more: Pembrolizumab alone for indolent disease, especially with a score of 20 or more; pembrolizumab with platinum and fluorouracil for bulky or symptomatic disease (KEYNOTE-048). (Pembrolizumab, KEYNOTE-048, PD-L1 expression testing (22C3, SP142, SP263), Combined positive score (CPS))
- First line, combined positive score under 1 or immunotherapy unsuitable: Pembrolizumab with platinum-fluorouracil, or cetuximab with platinum-fluorouracil (EXTREME) or with docetaxel and platinum (TPExtreme). (Pembrolizumab, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Fluorouracil (5-FU), Cetuximab, Docetaxel, EXTREME, KEYNOTE-048)
- Locoregional recurrence: Salvage surgery where resectable; re-irradiation with intensity-modulated or stereotactic techniques in selected patients; cetuximab sarotalocan photoimmunotherapy in Japan. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy), Cetuximab sarotalocan, Photoimmunotherapy & photodynamic therapy)
- Symptom control: Palliative radiotherapy for bleeding, pain or airway compromise; early involvement of palliative care, nutrition and speech and swallowing teams. (Palliative radiotherapy)
- After platinum and immunotherapy: Cetuximab, docetaxel, paclitaxel or methotrexate as single agents; nivolumab or pembrolizumab if not given before (CheckMate 141); clinical trials. (Nivolumab, CheckMate 141, Cetuximab, Docetaxel, Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Methotrexate)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.