Richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/richter-transformation-cll/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
17 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example PET-CT maximum SUV of the hottest node, Lactate dehydrogenase, Clonal relationship by IGHV sequencing, TP53, NOTCH1, CDKN2A and MYC lesions, Ki-67 on biopsy), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (diffuse large b-cell type, first treatment), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.Am I a candidate for Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 8.How do the results of Safety and Efficacy Study of Epcoritamab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Syndrome apply to someone like me?
- 9.For my situation (consolidation in responders), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.For my situation (relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Pirtobrutinib, Acalabrutinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.How do the results of Safety and Efficacy Study of Epcoritamab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Syndrome and ACP-196 (Acalabrutinib), a Novel Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor, for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Richter's Syndrome or Prolymphocytic Leukemia apply to someone like me?
- 13.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Pirtobrutinib, Venetoclax, Safety and Efficacy Study of Epcoritamab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Syndrome, ACP-196 (Acalabrutinib), a Novel Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor, for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Richter's Syndrome or Prolymphocytic Leukemia?
- 14.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 15.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 16.I read that “No regimen reliably produces durable remission in clonally related disease”. How does that affect my plan?
- 17.I read that “Richter transformation is excluded from most trials, so evidence comes from small cohorts”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy): R-CHOP is the standard first treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: rituximab (an antibody against CD20) plus four chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone), given every three weeks for six cycles with curative intent.
- Richter transformation: When slow CLL suddenly turns into an aggressive lymphoma.
- del(17p) / TP53 aberration in CLL: A del(17p) deletion or TP53 mutation means loss or damage of the p53 safety gene in CLL.
- TP53-mutated (p53-abnormal): Loss of the p53 'guardian of the genome', the most commonly mutated gene in cancer.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis: Excision biopsy of the PET-hottest node, histology with clonality studies, TP53 and MYC testing; restage CLL and check for cause such as BTK inhibitor progression.
Biomarker results to ask for: PET-CT maximum SUV of the hottest node, Lactate dehydrogenase, Clonal relationship by IGHV sequencing, TP53, NOTCH1, CDKN2A and MYC lesions, Ki-67 on biopsy, Hodgkin versus large B-cell histology, Circulating tumour DNA (research).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: PET/CT.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Diffuse large B-cell type, first treatment: R-CHOP or R-EPOCH chemoimmunotherapy, with venetoclax added in trials; pirtobrutinib or a bispecific antibody in patients unfit for chemotherapy or within trials. (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone, R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy), Venetoclax, Pirtobrutinib, Safety and Efficacy Study of Epcoritamab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Syndrome)
- Consolidation in responders: Allogeneic stem cell transplant for fit patients with a donor; autologous transplant where chemosensitive and no donor. (Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy))
- Relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory: Clinical trial: bispecific antibodies (epcoritamab, glofitamab), BTK inhibitor with checkpoint inhibitor, CD19 CAR-T, pirtobrutinib; palliative care. (Pirtobrutinib, Acalabrutinib, CAR-T cell therapy, Safety and Efficacy Study of Epcoritamab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter's Syndrome, ACP-196 (Acalabrutinib), a Novel Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor, for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Richter's Syndrome or Prolymphocytic Leukemia)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.