Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III): lines of therapy
5 standard-of-care settings across 5 lines and 2 biomarker subgroups. Rows come from the cancer page's standard of care; the grid places each on its line and subgroup.
| Line | All comers | Risk group |
|---|---|---|
| Screening, prevention and diagnosis | 1 | · |
| Early / localised | 1 | · |
| Locally advanced | · | 1 |
| Second line | 1 | · |
| Other settings | 1 | · |
Screening, prevention and diagnosis
| Subgroup | Setting | Approach | Products and trials | Guideline | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All comers | Staging | Pelvic MRI, PET-CT, examination of the groins, HIV testing and HPV or p16 status; biopsy of suspicious groin nodes. | NCCN Guidelines: Anal Carcinoma | 92 |
Early / localised
| Subgroup | Setting | Approach | Products and trials | Guideline | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All comers | Stage I to III | Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent fluorouracil (or capecitabine) and mitomycin, dose scaled to stage (ACT II, RTOG 98-11); small perianal tumours may be excised alone. | NCCN Guidelines: Anal Carcinoma | 93 |
Locally advanced
| Subgroup | Setting | Approach | Products and trials | Guideline | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk group | High-risk locally advanced disease | Trials of dose escalation (PLATO ACT5) and adjuvant nivolumab (EA2165); standard care remains chemoradiotherapy alone. | NCCN Guidelines: Anal Carcinoma | 93 |
Second line
| Subgroup | Setting | Approach | Products and trials | Guideline | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All comers | Persistent or recurrent disease | Salvage abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy; inguinal node dissection or radiotherapy for isolated groin recurrence. | NCCN Guidelines: Anal Carcinoma | 40 |
Other settings
| Subgroup | Setting | Approach | Products and trials | Guideline | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All comers | Response assessment | Clinical assessment at 26 weeks; biopsy only if disease persists or grows, because regression continues for months (ACT II). | NCCN Guidelines: Anal Carcinoma | 73 |
Lines and subgroups are parsed from the setting text of each standard-of-care row and can misclassify an unusual phrasing; the row’s own setting is always shown. Guideline chips reflect the NCCN category and ESMO-MCBS grade recorded on the cancer page, checked on its stated date. Not medical advice.