Engineered exosomes as drug carriers
Loading the tiny vesicles cells naturally use to talk to each other with a cancer drug, so the body treats the carrier as its own.
Exosomes are natural lipid vesicles that cross biological barriers and are poorly cleared by the immune system. The best-known oncology example is iExosomes, mesenchymal-cell exosomes loaded with siRNA against KRAS G12D, in a phase 1 in pancreatic cancer at MD Anderson (NCT03608631). Manufacturing consistency, loading efficiency and potency per particle are the barriers; no exosome therapeutic has been approved.
How it works
Donor cells are engineered or exosomes are loaded ex vivo with siRNA, protein or small molecules; surface proteins such as CD47 reduce clearance and can be modified for targeting.
- Low immunogenicity and long circulation
- Crosses barriers that liposomes struggle with
- Can carry nucleic acids that need protection
- Manufacturing scale and batch consistency
- Low and variable drug loading
- Biodistribution still favours liver and spleen
Latest papers
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