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The Yokohama System puts the result of a needle test on a breast lump into one of five categories: insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious for cancer, or cancer.
The International Academy of Cytology published the Yokohama System for breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytopathology in 2019 (Field and colleagues, Acta Cytologica). Validation studies describe its five categories: 1 insufficient material, 2 benign, 3 atypical, 4 suspicious for malignancy and 5 malignant, each with a risk of malignancy. In one 63-case series with surgical follow-up the risk was about 2% for benign, 33% for atypical and 100% for suspicious and malignant (Gowri and colleagues, Cureus 2026); small series vary.
Most cancers start in the ducts and drain first to the axillary nodes, which is why the armpit is checked and a sentinel node is sampled.
Same organ: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, Male breast cancer, Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), High-risk early HR-positive breast cancer, HR-positive metastatic breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitors, HER2-low and HER2-ultralow metastatic breast cancer, Early HER2-positive breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases, Early triple-negative breast cancer, Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, Basal-like 1 triple-negative breast cancer (BL1), Basal-like 2 triple-negative breast cancer (BL2), Mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer (M), Mesenchymal stem-like triple-negative breast cancer (MSL), Luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer (LAR), Immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer (IM), Metaplastic breast carcinoma, Carcinoma with medullary pattern (medullary breast cancer), Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, Apocrine carcinoma of the breast, Secretory carcinoma of the breast, BRCA-associated triple-negative breast cancer, Inflammatory breast cancer, Paget disease of the nipple, Phyllodes tumour of the breast, Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (invasive ductal carcinoma), Tubular carcinoma of the breast, Mucinous carcinoma of the breast, Papillary carcinomas of the breast (encapsulated, solid and invasive papillary), Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast, Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast, Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast, Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Showing the organ this term concerns: Breast cancer (all types).
Shares WHO Reporting Systems for cytopathology, Bethesda category (thyroid cytology), Core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration (FNA).
Shares WHO Reporting Systems for cytopathology, Bethesda category (thyroid cytology), Core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration (FNA).
Shares WHO Reporting Systems for cytopathology, Bethesda category (thyroid cytology).
Shares WHO Reporting Systems for cytopathology, Bethesda category (thyroid cytology).
Shares BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), Bethesda category (thyroid cytology).
Shares Core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration (FNA), Breast cancer (all types).
Shares Core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration (FNA), Breast cancer (all types).
Shares Core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration (FNA), Breast cancer (all types).
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