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4 treatment settings, 2 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Gross total resection (transsphenoidal or craniotomy) with endocrine replacement; observation with serial MRI.
MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves, with no ionising radiation, to picture soft tissue in finer contrast than CT, so it is the standard scan for brain tumours, prostate, rectal cancer staging, liver lesions and breast screening in high-risk women. It is slow, expensive and blurred by movement.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Hypothalamus-sparing subtotal resection or cyst drainage followed by conformal or proton radiotherapy; intracystic therapy for predominantly cystic tumours.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
BRAF plus MEK inhibition (vemurafenib-cobimetinib per Alliance A071601, or dabrafenib-trametinib) before or instead of extensive surgery; radiotherapy after response.
Dabrafenib plus trametinib is the BRAF-plus-MEK pill combination, approved for BRAF V600E lung cancer and, since 2022, for any solid tumour with that mutation.
Vemurafenib was the first BRAF inhibitor (2011); it shrank melanomas in weeks and proved that a single mutation could be drugged in a solid tumour.
Cobimetinib is the MEK partner for vemurafenib, and the first drug approved for histiocytic neoplasms.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Arthralgia | 53% | - |
| Photosensitivity | 33% | - |
| Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma / keratoacanthoma · BRIM-3 vemurafenib arm | 24% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Lifelong endocrinology follow-up, management of hypothalamic obesity, sleep and behavioural sequelae; structured survivorship care.
Organised follow-up for the 18 million US and 50+ million global cancer survivors: watching for recurrence and second cancers, managing long-term side effects such as heart damage, infertility, neuropathy and fatigue, and helping people return to work and life.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.