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The first four million women screened in Türkiye's national cervical screening programme, which tests for human papillomavirus and takes a smear at the same visit; about one in twenty-three tested positive.
Türkiye's Ministry of Health replaced smear-based cervical screening with a national programme of primary HPV DNA testing in 2014, offered to women aged 30 to 65 every five years. Women were invited for screening with HPV DNA testing and conventional cytology collected at a single visit, so that triage (extended genotyping and the smear) needed no second appointment. The paper reports the programme's first 4,099,230 screened women. Under the Turkish algorithm a woman is referred to colposcopy if she has HPV 16 or 18 or any smear abnormality of ASC-US or worse.
A middle-income country can run primary HPV screening at national scale, with triage done at the same visit and colposcopy referral rates the authors judge acceptable. For a woman in Türkiye it means the test offered at a family health centre or KETEM screening centre from age 30 is an HPV test, not only a smear.
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