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One of the two 1950 studies that first tied cigarettes to lung cancer. Wynder and Graham compared the smoking histories of 684 people with proven lung cancer against people without it, and found heavy smoking almost everywhere in the cancer group.
Ernest Wynder and Evarts Graham's case-control study of 684 proven cases of bronchiogenic carcinoma, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on 27 May 1950. It appeared four months before Doll and Hill's British paper (paper-doll-hill-smoking-lung-cancer-bmj-1950), and the two studies were designed and run independently on two continents; their agreement is the reason the finding was believed.
Europe PMC indexes no abstract for the 1950 article, so OnCo carries no figures from it. Graham, a thoracic surgeon who had performed the first successful pneumonectomy for lung cancer in 1933 and who was himself a heavy smoker, is the reason the paper is remembered as much as cited: he died of lung cancer in 1957. JAMA reprinted the article as a landmark in 1985 (PMID 3889389) and the World Health Organization's Bulletin republished it in 2005.
Half of the evidence base on which every tobacco control policy in the world rests. Lung cancer was a rare disease at the start of the twentieth century and the commonest cancer killer by its end; this paper and Doll and Hill's are where the cause was named.
The methodological ancestor of modern cancer epidemiology. Cohort design, exposure recorded before outcome, and a dose-response relationship measured rather than asserted: this is the template every later study of a cancer risk factor follows.
Doll and Hill's 1950 study is where the evidence that smoking causes cancer begins. Everything from cigarette warnings and tax to smoke-free laws and lung screening eligibility descends from this study and the cohort that followed it.
Shares Cancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriers, Prevention we already have is not deployed, Lung cancer (all types), Non-small-cell lung cancer and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares JAMA, Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch, The hardest cancers are found late, Lung cancer (all types) and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares Cancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriers, Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch, Prevention we already have is not deployed, The hardest cancers are found late and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares Cancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriers, Prevention we already have is not deployed, Lung cancer (all types), Non-small-cell lung cancer and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares JAMA, Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch, Prevention we already have is not deployed, The hardest cancers are found late and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch, Prevention we already have is not deployed, The hardest cancers are found late, Lung cancer (all types) and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch, Prevention we already have is not deployed, The hardest cancers are found late, Lung cancer (all types) and the tag lung-evidence.
Shares Histology, Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch, Lung cancer (all types), Non-small-cell lung cancer and the tag lung-evidence.