Microsatellite-unstable (MSI-high) gastric cancer
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/gastric-msi-high/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
17 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Mismatch repair proteins by immunohistochemistry, Microsatellite instability by polymerase chain reaction or sequencing, Tumour mutational burden, PD-L1 combined positive score, Germline mismatch repair genes where Lynch syndrome is suspected), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (advanced, first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of CheckMate 649 and KEYNOTE-859 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (advanced, after chemotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (resectable), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Durvalumab or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.For my situation (hereditary risk), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Durvalumab, Tremelimumab?
- 14.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 15.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 16.I read that “Whether surgery can be omitted after a complete response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy”. How does that affect my plan?
- 17.I read that “Whether chemotherapy should be dropped altogether in metastatic disease”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Gastrectomy: Removing part (subtotal) or all (total) of the stomach for stomach cancer, with the bowel joined to what remains.
- Lynch syndrome: Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited cancer syndrome: a faulty mismatch-repair gene raises lifetime bowel cancer risk to 40-80% and also endometrial and other cancers.
- Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval: A tumour-agnostic approval lets a drug be used for any cancer carrying a specific molecular feature, regardless of where it started.
- Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR): Microsatellite instability is the mark of a broken DNA spell-checker (loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2) that leaves thousands of mutations, so the tumour displays abnormal proteins that T cells can recognise.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: Mismatch repair proteins by immunohistochemistry (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), Microsatellite instability by polymerase chain reaction or sequencing, Tumour mutational burden (high), PD-L1 combined positive score (often high), Germline mismatch repair genes where Lynch syndrome is suspected.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Germline (hereditary) testing, Liquid biopsy (ctDNA), MRD / molecular residual disease testing.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Resectable: Surgery with or without perioperative chemotherapy, whose benefit is doubtful here; neoadjuvant immunotherapy (nivolumab-ipilimumab, durvalumab-tremelimumab) in trials or where available. (Gastrectomy, Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, FLOT (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel))
- Advanced, first line: PD-1 antibody with or without chemotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab); nivolumab with ipilimumab in selected patients; the benefit exceeds that in any other subgroup. (Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, CheckMate 649, KEYNOTE-859, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability)
- Advanced, after chemotherapy: Pembrolizumab under its tumour-agnostic approval for mismatch repair-deficient cancers. (Pembrolizumab, Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR))
- Hereditary risk: Germline testing and Lynch syndrome surveillance where the pattern suggests it. (Germline (hereditary) testing, Lynch syndrome)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.