OnCo
technologiesTechnologyPhase 2

Breath and volatile-organic-compound detection

Smelling cancer: measuring the trace chemicals a tumour puts into exhaled breath.

Tumour metabolism alters volatile organic compounds in breath, measurable by mass spectrometry or an electronic nose. Studies recruiting in 2026 include COBRA2 in colorectal cancer at Imperial College (NCT05844514), an e-nose response-monitoring study at Memorial Sloan Kettering (NCT06037941), and a breast cancer study by Breathe BioMedical (NCT06512350). Reported accuracies vary widely between cohorts and no breath test is approved for screening.

Generic schematic · not to scale · placeholder for the early detection front
Plasma · Early signal

How it works

Breath is collected on a sorbent tube or sampled directly; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or sensor arrays produce a pattern that machine learning classifies.

Strengths
  • Completely non-invasive and cheap
  • Repeatable, so suitable for monitoring
  • Could triage who needs imaging
Limitations
  • Poor reproducibility across sites, diets and smoking status
  • No approved test; most studies are small case-control designs
  • Specificity in screening populations is unproven

Latest papers

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Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Breath and volatile-organic-compound detection" OR ABSTRACT:"Breath and volatile-organic-compound detection") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Breath and volatile-organic-compound detection, not a curated reading list.

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