OnCo
technologiesTechnologyPhase 2

Trained innate immunity

Giving the innate immune system a memory, so monocytes and NK cells respond harder the next time they meet a tumour.

BCG, the oldest immunotherapy, works partly by epigenetically reprogramming myeloid progenitors, an effect now called trained immunity. Beta-glucans and other agonists are being tested to induce the same state deliberately, alone or before checkpoint blockade. Evidence in cancer beyond intravesical BCG is early, and the same reprogramming can be immunosuppressive in the wrong context.

Generic schematic · not to scale · placeholder for the immunotherapy front
PD-1 · PD-L1 · Blocking antibody · T cell, brake released

How it works

Epigenetic and metabolic rewiring of haematopoietic progenitors produces monocytes and NK cells with heightened effector responses lasting months.

Strengths
  • Cheap agonists, some already licensed
  • Independent of tumour antigen and of T cells
  • Clear precedent in bladder cancer
Limitations
  • Little cancer-specific clinical data outside BCG
  • The direction of effect can reverse
  • No standard assay to confirm training in patients

Latest papers

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Latest papers · live from Europe PMC
Open in Europe PMC

Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Trained innate immunity" OR ABSTRACT:"Trained innate immunity") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Trained innate immunity, not a curated reading list.

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