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Oleander is a highly poisonous shrub whose heart-acting compound, oleandrin, has been developed into extracts promoted against cancer. An oral extract did not lengthen survival in a study in metastatic pancreatic cancer, and oleander has killed people, including a man with sarcoma who injected an extract daily. MSK says these products should not be used outside clinical trials.
Nerium oleander contains oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside that acts like digoxin by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump. Memorial Sloan Kettering's About Herbs summary describes apoptosis of cancer cells in the laboratory and two developed extracts: Anvirzel, an injectable hot-water extract that appeared safe in a small study apart from injection pain, fatigue and gut symptoms, and an oral extract (PBI-05204) that was tolerated in advanced cancers but did not meet its primary endpoint of overall survival in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. MSK states these are not approved for cancer in the United States and should not be used outside clinical trials, and that evidence is lacking for any condition. The raw plant is highly toxic: consumption can be fatal, with vomiting, low blood pressure, respiratory paralysis and death, at serum oleandrin levels between 1.0 and 2.0 ng/mL. Case reports include a death suspected from two months of daily intramuscular oleander injections in a 43-year-old with metastatic synovial sarcoma and a fatal arrhythmia after an oleander leaf infusion. It adds to digoxin toxicity and should not be used with low potassium, high calcium, slow heart rate or heart failure.
Cardiac glycoside inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase, the same mechanism that makes it toxic to the heart.
Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Oleander extracts" OR ABSTRACT:"Oleander extracts" OR TITLE:"oleandrin, Anvirzel, PBI-05204" OR ABSTRACT:"oleandrin, Anvirzel, PBI-05204" OR TITLE:"Anvirzel" OR ABSTRACT:"Anvirzel" OR TITLE:"PBI-05204" OR ABSTRACT:"PBI-05204") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Oleander extracts (oleandrin, Anvirzel, PBI-05204), not a curated reading list.
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