Locally advanced and locoregional disease
Cancer that has grown beyond its organ into nearby tissue or lymph nodes but has not spread to distant sites. It is treated with the goal of cure but usually needs several treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, drugs) together.
Locally advanced disease (typically stage III) is where multimodality treatment matters most: chemoradiation for stage III lung, oesophageal and cervical cancer, neoadjuvant therapy before surgery for rectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer, and induction or concurrent chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. 'Locoregional' pairs the primary site and its regional nodes; locoregional recurrence after treatment can often still be salvaged, whereas distant recurrence generally cannot. Local control is a radiotherapy and surgery outcome measured separately from survival. Borderline resectable and unresectable are the surgeon's subdivisions of the same stage.