Malnutrition screening tools (MUST, NRS-2002, MST, PG-SGA)
Quick questionnaires that flag who is at risk of malnutrition: recent weight loss, low BMI, poor appetite, illness severity. Anyone flagged should see a dietitian.
MUST (UK), NRS-2002 (Europe), MST (Australia) are two-minute screens validated in oncology; the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is the oncology-specific assessment tool that scores weight history, intake, symptoms, function and examination. GLIM (2019) provides consensus diagnostic criteria for malnutrition (phenotypic: weight loss, low BMI, low muscle mass; aetiologic: reduced intake or inflammation). Screening at diagnosis and each treatment cycle is recommended by ESPEN, ASCO and ESMO; audits show it happens in a minority of clinics.
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