Salpingo-oophorectomy
Removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Done for ovarian cancer, to prevent it in BRCA carriers, or to switch off oestrogen in breast cancer.
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy at 35-45 cuts ovarian cancer risk by 80-90% in BRCA1/2 carriers and is the main reason genetic testing saves lives; it causes surgical menopause. Because most high-grade serous cancers begin in the fallopian tube, opportunistic salpingectomy (tubes only, at any pelvic surgery) is now recommended for the general population. Oophorectomy or GnRH agonists provide ovarian suppression in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (SOFT/TEXT).
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