What changed: Metastatic cancer (cancer that has spread)

When this page itself was last checked or edited.

Cognitive failure hazard ratio 0.

Five-year survival more than doubles with stereotactic radiotherapy to all metastases in the randomised phase 2 trial.

Median overall survival 45 vs 43 months (hazard ratio 0.

5-year OS 42.

Randomised phase 2 trial in which stereotactic radiotherapy to all sites of oligometastatic disease was associated with longer survival, launching phase 3 trials of the approach.

ORR 75% by independent review in the first 55 pooled patients across 17 tumour types.

Pembrolizumab is approved for any solid tumour with mismatch-repair deficiency or microsatellite instability, the first cancer drug approved by biomarker rather than organ.

Cognitive deterioration at 3 months 63.

Temel and colleagues randomise newly diagnosed metastatic lung cancer patients to early palliative care with standard oncology: better quality of life, less depression and no loss of survival.

Bisphosphonates, then denosumab, cut fractures and other skeletal events from bone metastases.

Hellman and Weichselbaum argue that some patients have a limited metastatic state that local treatment could control, the idea SABR-COMET later tested.

Stephen Paget proposed that cancers spread to organs whose environment suits them, the founding idea of metastasis research.