Cases by country

Where cancer is: new cases for 185 countries and 100 OnCo cancers, from GLOBOCAN 2022. Choose a cancer to rank countries, or one country to rank its cancers. Death estimates sit behind a click, because the gap between cases and deaths reflects screening and access to treatment as much as the disease. Where the source does not report a cancer the way OnCo defines it, the page says so instead of guessing.

185 countries

All cancers → GLOBOCAN site: All cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin)

World 2022: 19,976,499 new cases, incidence ASR 196.9 per 100,000.

Incidence rate (ASR per 100k)lowhighno data / filtered out

#		HDI
1	Asia	High	4,824,703	201.6	20.5%	1,411.8M
2	Northern America	Very High	2,380,189	367.0	34.3%	334.8M
3	Asia	Medium	1,413,316	98.5	10.6%	1,406.6M
4	Asia	Very High	1,005,157	267.1	26.4%	125.6M
5	Europe	Very High	635,560	248.1	26.1%	145.8M
6	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	627,193	214.4	21.5%	215.4M
7	Europe	Very High	605,805	274.2	27.2%	83.9M
8	Europe	Very High	483,568	339.0	32.7%	65.6M
9	Europe	Very High	454,954	307.8	29.7%	68.5M
10	Europe	Very High	436,242	284.5	27.7%	60.3M
11	Asia	High	408,661	136.9	14.0%	279.1M
12	Northern America	Very High	292,098	345.9	32.2%	38.4M
13	Europe	Very High	278,729	274.6	27.9%	46.7M
14	Asia	Very High	240,013	225.9	22.7%	85.6M
15	Asia	Very High	237,701	234.7	23.4%	51.3M
16	Oceania	Very High	212,332	462.5	41.2%	26.1M
17	Europe	Very High	208,900	262.8	26.9%	37.7M
18	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	207,154	140.9	14.4%	131.6M
19	Asia	Medium	188,976	185.4	19.2%	112.5M
20	Asia	Low	185,748	105.6	11.0%	229.5M
21	Asia	Very High	183,541	154.4	16.1%	70.1M
22	Asia	High	180,480	150.8	16.0%	99.0M
23	Asia	Medium	167,256	105.6	11.3%	167.9M
24	Europe	High	155,239	199.9	21.6%	43.2M
25	Africa	High	150,578	166.1	17.1%	106.2M
26	Asia	High	137,198	149.0	15.5%	86.0M
27	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	133,420	215.8	22.1%	46.0M
28	Europe	Very High	132,319	341.4	32.8%	17.2M
29	Africa	Low	127,763	113.6	12.1%	216.7M
30	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	117,620	177.6	17.9%	51.5M
31	Africa	High	111,321	203.4	20.5%	60.8M
32	Europe	Very High	104,661	276.5	28.1%	19.0M
33	Europe	Very High	81,132	324.7	31.4%	11.7M
34	Africa	Low	80,334	104.5	10.9%	120.8M
35	Asia	Medium	77,603	135.5	13.9%	55.2M
36	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	72,827	173.8	16.8%	33.7M
37	Europe	Very High	69,567	294.6	28.6%	10.1M
38	Europe	Very High	69,261	310.0	30.1%	10.2M
39	Europe	Very High	66,340	336.7	33.0%	9.6M
40	Europe	Very High	65,703	258.7	26.1%	10.3M
41	Europe	Very High	65,676	280.9	28.3%	10.7M
42	Africa	High	64,713	141.2	14.6%	45.4M
43	Africa	Medium	63,609	149.8	15.5%	37.8M
44	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	62,947	184.8	18.3%	29.3M
45	Asia	—	61,533	166.1	17.7%	26.0M
46	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	59,876	188.7	19.1%	19.3M
47	Europe	Very High	58,330	292.7	28.7%	8.8M
48	Africa	Low	52,612	103.0	10.9%	95.2M
49	Asia	Very High	51,650	142.1	14.4%	33.2M
50	Europe	Very High	50,682	258.5	26.0%	9.1M
51	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	49,688	220.8	22.7%	11.3M
52	Europe	Very High	48,840	374.7	34.9%	5.8M
53	Europe	Very High	46,402	273.2	28.6%	9.4M
54	Africa	Low	44,931	140.1	14.6%	63.3M
55	Africa	Medium	44,726	149.1	15.6%	56.2M
56	Europe	Very High	42,039	250.4	25.6%	8.7M
57	Europe	Very High	40,305	357.9	33.6%	5.5M
58	Oceania	Very High	38,157	427.3	38.9%	4.9M
59	Europe	Very High	37,660	276.9	27.0%	5.6M
60	Asia	Medium	37,382	136.6	14.1%	42.2M
61	Asia	Very High	36,225	162.3	17.9%	19.2M
62	Africa	Low	35,968	154.4	15.8%	48.4M
63	Asia	High	35,900	112.7	12.3%	34.4M
64	Asia	High	33,243	106.9	11.4%	21.6M
65	Europe	High	32,812	222.0	23.1%	6.8M
66	Europe	Very High	31,242	344.7	32.3%	5.0M
67	Europe	Very High	30,913	283.3	28.8%	5.5M
68	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	30,888	152.7	15.0%	18.1M
69	Asia	Very High	30,438	245.8	24.4%	8.9M
70	Europe	Very High	28,809	313.4	30.7%	4.1M
71	Africa	Low	28,586	95.6	9.9%	46.0M
72	Asia	Very High	28,113	87.1	9.1%	35.8M
73	Africa	Medium	27,385	120.4	12.2%	32.4M
74	Africa	Low	26,578	128.8	12.3%	33.1M
75	Asia	Very High	25,250	231.1	22.9%	5.9M
76	Africa	Medium	24,607	133.5	14.0%	35.0M
77	Asia	Low	24,275	106.2	11.2%	40.8M
78	Asia	Medium	22,008	81.6	8.7%	30.2M
79	Asia	Medium	21,926	138.6	13.7%	19.4M
80	Africa	Medium	21,352	137.0	14.5%	27.7M
81	Africa	Low	21,297	117.4	11.9%	29.2M
82	Africa	High	20,551	135.4	14.2%	12.0M
83	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	20,171	167.0	17.2%	11.1M
84	Africa	Low	19,846	159.5	15.5%	20.2M
85	Asia	Medium	19,795	138.3	14.0%	17.2M
86	Africa	Medium	19,564	126.0	13.1%	27.9M
87	Asia	High	18,503	152.3	15.9%	10.3M
88	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	17,801	121.8	12.5%	18.6M
89	Africa	Medium	17,725	208.0	21.2%	15.3M
90	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	17,579	143.8	14.7%	12.0M
91	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	16,817	279.9	27.8%	3.5M
92	Asia	Low	16,525	83.1	8.4%	31.2M
93	Europe	Very High	16,413	287.9	29.3%	2.7M
94	Africa	Medium	15,296	159.5	16.2%	19.5M
95	Africa	Low	15,151	139.9	14.5%	21.5M
96	Europe	High	14,816	232.2	25.1%	4.0M
97	Africa	Low	14,538	125.2	13.9%	22.1M
98	Europe	Very High	14,402	305.1	30.2%	2.1M
99	Europe	High	14,265	218.6	22.9%	3.2M
100	Latin America and the Caribbean	Low	13,860	141.1	12.7%	11.7M
101	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	13,783	192.2	19.1%	7.3M
102	Latin America and the Caribbean	—	13,778	226.6	23.0%	2.8M
103	Asia	Very High	13,689	197.5	20.8%	4.0M
104	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	13,325	177.7	17.8%	5.2M
105	Asia	High	13,034	168.8	17.3%	6.7M
106	Asia	High	12,328	152.6	15.7%	10.3M
107	Oceania	Medium	12,190	188.7	18.7%	9.3M
108	Africa	Low	11,841	113.9	11.8%	17.7M
109	Africa	Low	11,593	83.7	8.5%	26.1M
110	Europe	Very High	11,458	288.9	29.7%	1.8M
111	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	10,815	128.0	13.4%	10.2M
112	Africa	—	10,681	121.0	12.4%	16.8M
113	Africa	Low	10,185	118.1	13.1%	17.4M
114	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	9,799	127.1	12.5%	6.6M
115	Asia	High	9,520	201.6	21.4%	3.0M
116	Asia	Medium	9,101	154.5	15.9%	7.5M
117	Africa	Low	8,777	116.3	11.8%	13.9M
118	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	8,409	133.5	13.4%	6.8M
119	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	8,353	154.9	15.7%	4.4M
120	Africa	High	8,171	132.3	13.3%	7.0M
121	Europe	Very High	8,050	282.5	29.1%	1.3M
122	Europe	High	8,019	160.8	16.0%	2.9M
123	Africa	Low	7,997	128.2	13.4%	12.6M
124	Europe	High	7,563	206.9	22.2%	2.1M
125	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	7,500	199.6	20.3%	3.0M
126	Africa	Low	7,496	102.6	11.0%	12.8M
127	Asia	Medium	7,266	125.8	13.7%	6.7M
128	Africa	Low	7,122	83.2	9.0%	13.6M
129	Africa	Low	6,874	99.4	10.4%	11.6M
130	Asia	High	6,807	122.7	12.9%	6.2M
131	Asia	High	6,699	235.8	24.7%	3.4M
132	Asia	Medium	6,467	91.7	9.4%	10.0M
133	Europe	Very High	6,198	292.3	27.5%	1.2M
134	Asia	Very High	5,526	105.1	11.6%	10.1M
135	Africa	Low	5,491	107.5	11.3%	8.7M
136	Asia	High	5,030	152.3	15.9%	5.3M
137	Asia	Very High	4,347	111.4	11.8%	4.4M
138	Asia	Very High	4,045	105.3	11.2%	5.3M
139	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	3,931	186.7	18.5%	1.4M
140	Africa	Low	3,873	115.2	11.9%	5.3M
141	Africa	Medium	3,453	193.5	18.8%	2.6M
142	Europe	Very High	3,440	273.3	25.7%	0.6M
143	Africa	Medium	3,274	105.3	11.1%	4.9M
144	Africa	—	3,015	203.1	21.1%	0.9M
145	Africa	Very High	2,888	140.0	14.9%	1.3M
146	Europe	Very High	2,855	282.5	27.2%	0.4M
147	Europe	Very High	2,739	238.0	24.7%	0.6M
148	Africa	Medium	2,727	80.7	8.9%	5.8M
149	Africa	Low	2,690	101.8	10.8%	5.0M
150	Africa	Low	2,463	99.8	10.4%	3.7M
151	Africa	Medium	2,317	115.4	11.8%	2.4M
152	Latin America and the Caribbean	—	2,123	253.9	26.3%	0.4M
153	Latin America and the Caribbean	—	2,057	224.2	23.7%	0.4M
154	Africa	Low	2,027	115.5	11.2%	2.2M
155	Africa	Low	1,918	35.9	4.0%	8.3M
156	Africa	High	1,875	114.4	11.8%	2.3M
157	Europe	Very High	1,777	268.3	26.6%	0.3M
158	Asia	Very High	1,733	82.4	9.2%	3.0M
159	Oceania	High	1,601	174.8	17.2%	0.9M
160	Asia	Very High	1,383	113.8	11.9%	1.8M
161	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	1,225	142.5	14.9%	0.8M
162	Africa	Low	1,196	79.2	7.9%	2.6M
163	Africa	Low	1,170	100.3	10.9%	2.1M
164	Oceania	—	1,149	287.6	29.0%	0.3M
165	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	1,120	205.3	21.1%	0.3M
166	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	1,119	169.5	17.4%	0.6M
167	Africa	Medium	1,108	135.3	13.1%	1.2M
168	Latin America and the Caribbean	Very High	955	192.7	19.6%	0.4M
169	Africa	Medium	926	107.7	11.4%	1.5M
170	Asia	Very High	925	192.2	19.7%	0.4M
171	Oceania	—	877	228.1	23.8%	0.3M
172	Asia	Medium	828	84.5	9.0%	1.4M
173	Africa	Low	805	90.7	9.8%	1.0M
174	Oceania	Medium	684	134.8	13.1%	0.7M
175	Asia	Medium	638	87.6	10.0%	0.8M
176	Africa	Medium	619	106.8	11.5%	0.9M
177	Latin America and the Caribbean	—	589	204.3	21.7%	0.3M
178	Asia	High	479	105.3	10.9%	0.5M
179	Latin America and the Caribbean	High	448	166.8	18.0%	0.2M
180	Africa	Medium	435	87.0	9.8%	0.6M
181	Oceania	—	412	167.2	17.7%	0.2M
182	Latin America and the Caribbean	Medium	409	114.7	11.6%	0.4M
183	Oceania	High	400	240.0	25.5%	0.2M
184	Oceania	Medium	250	108.2	11.6%	0.3M
185	Africa	Medium	144	104.9	11.9%	0.2M

Show deaths and death rates by countryGLOBOCAN's estimated deaths, mortality rate and deaths-to-cases ratio for the same countries, for readers who want them.

Deaths and death rates by country mix every stage, subtype and year of diagnosis, and reflect access to screening and treatment as much as the disease itself. Survival for any one person differs by stage, subtype and year; each cancer page leads with what can be done. World 2022: 19,976,499 new cases and 9,743,832 deaths; mortality ASR 91.7 per 100,000.

#
1	4,824,703	2,574,176	96.5	0.53
2	2,380,189	605,761	82.3	0.25
3	1,413,316	916,827	64.4	0.65
4	1,005,157	426,278	78.6	0.42
5	635,560	311,729	110.5	0.49
6	627,193	278,835	91.3	0.44
7	605,805	253,170	99.7	0.42
8	483,568	190,612	106.7	0.39
9	454,954	181,807	98.3	0.40
10	436,242	193,706	94.2	0.44
11	408,661	242,988	82.5	0.59
12	292,098	100,465	96.4	0.34
13	278,729	115,590	88.8	0.41
14	240,013	129,672	116.1	0.54
15	237,701	97,615	77.0	0.41
16	212,332	51,884	84.6	0.24
17	208,900	119,992	133.1	0.57
18	207,154	96,210	63.5	0.46
19	188,976	113,369	112.9	0.60
20	185,748	118,631	69.8	0.64
21	183,541	118,829	93.4	0.65
22	180,480	120,184	99.0	0.67
23	167,256	116,598	74.7	0.70
24	155,239	84,153	101.1	0.54
25	150,578	95,275	107.7	0.63
26	137,198	87,247	96.5	0.64
27	133,420	70,251	102.7	0.53
28	132,319	49,790	103.2	0.38
29	127,763	79,542	74.6	0.62
30	117,620	56,719	81.4	0.48
31	111,321	64,547	122.5	0.58
32	104,661	56,216	132.5	0.54
33	81,132	29,005	92.4	0.36
34	80,334	54,698	74.5	0.68
35	77,603	54,841	97.1	0.71
36	72,827	35,934	82.4	0.49
37	69,567	33,762	109.0	0.49
38	69,261	25,569	85.2	0.37
39	66,340	32,482	143.7	0.49
40	65,703	32,385	100.6	0.49
41	65,676	28,071	103.8	0.43
42	64,713	35,778	77.7	0.55
43	63,609	36,947	85.9	0.58
44	62,947	31,737	91.3	0.50
45	61,533	42,789	113.9	0.70
46	59,876	31,440	90.1	0.53
47	58,330	19,420	78.8	0.33
48	52,612	37,575	76.2	0.71
49	51,650	31,633	86.3	0.61
50	50,682	22,381	91.3	0.44
51	49,688	27,724	110.2	0.56
52	48,840	17,204	106.5	0.35
53	46,402	22,644	123.5	0.49
54	44,931	29,743	97.1	0.66
55	44,726	29,317	104.0	0.66
56	42,039	23,881	128.4	0.57
57	40,305	13,393	91.8	0.33
58	38,157	11,301	100.2	0.30
59	37,660	13,445	79.8	0.36
60	37,382	21,536	84.4	0.58
61	36,225	20,686	92.1	0.57
62	35,968	24,629	113.9	0.68
63	35,900	22,071	71.5	0.61
64	33,243	19,145	59.0	0.58
65	32,812	18,794	114.2	0.57
66	31,242	10,438	98.7	0.33
67	30,913	15,166	125.7	0.49
68	30,888	16,158	76.0	0.52
69	30,438	12,855	83.2	0.42
70	28,809	13,854	125.7	0.48
71	28,586	18,504	64.4	0.65
72	28,113	13,399	46.2	0.48
73	27,385	17,944	82.6	0.66
74	26,578	19,020	96.3	0.72
75	25,250	13,277	110.8	0.53
76	24,607	15,541	90.0	0.63
77	24,275	16,923	78.7	0.70
78	22,008	14,704	55.3	0.67
79	21,926	13,848	91.0	0.63
80	21,352	14,143	93.6	0.66
81	21,297	14,270	83.6	0.67
82	20,551	12,580	80.2	0.61
83	20,171	11,744	92.0	0.58
84	19,846	13,979	117.9	0.70
85	19,795	13,799	99.3	0.70
86	19,564	12,798	87.3	0.65
87	18,503	11,314	93.2	0.61
88	17,801	10,369	71.1	0.58
89	17,725	11,739	144.0	0.66
90	17,579	11,015	85.1	0.63
91	16,817	8,980	128.3	0.53
92	16,525	11,854	63.7	0.72
93	16,413	8,349	125.0	0.51
94	15,296	9,770	109.2	0.64
95	15,151	10,678	102.4	0.70
96	14,816	8,148	122.8	0.55
97	14,538	10,998	98.5	0.76
98	14,402	6,898	116.7	0.48
99	14,265	8,590	116.1	0.60
100	13,860	9,014	92.2	0.65
101	13,783	6,581	89.9	0.48
102	13,778	5,796	75.0	0.42
103	13,689	8,459	111.7	0.62
104	13,325	6,072	75.3	0.46
105	13,034	7,307	92.3	0.56
106	12,328	6,458	84.3	0.52
107	12,190	7,200	119.8	0.59
108	11,841	8,134	81.6	0.69
109	11,593	8,806	66.1	0.76
110	11,458	5,872	122.9	0.51
111	10,815	7,011	83.3	0.65
112	10,681	8,038	95.5	0.75
113	10,185	7,257	86.2	0.71
114	9,799	5,292	64.7	0.54
115	9,520	5,861	116.7	0.62
116	9,101	6,215	109.9	0.68
117	8,777	6,363	87.5	0.72
118	8,409	4,822	76.8	0.57
119	8,353	3,770	65.7	0.45
120	8,171	5,316	91.1	0.65
121	8,050	4,086	114.4	0.51
122	8,019	4,955	90.5	0.62
123	7,997	5,760	98.7	0.72
124	7,563	4,364	112.5	0.58
125	7,500	4,632	116.6	0.62
126	7,496	5,069	71.6	0.68
127	7,266	4,672	82.8	0.64
128	7,122	4,887	59.4	0.69
129	6,874	5,081	76.3	0.74
130	6,807	4,456	82.5	0.65
131	6,699	4,929	181.5	0.74
132	6,467	4,225	63.9	0.65
133	6,198	2,837	111.5	0.46
134	5,526	2,283	54.4	0.41
135	5,491	3,605	74.0	0.66
136	5,030	3,011	98.0	0.60
137	4,347	1,968	60.2	0.45
138	4,045	2,261	66.3	0.56
139	3,931	2,221	96.8	0.56
140	3,873	2,730	84.0	0.70
141	3,453	1,940	113.0	0.56
142	3,440	1,093	77.3	0.32
143	3,274	2,234	74.8	0.68
144	3,015	1,580	95.2	0.52
145	2,888	1,469	66.6	0.51
146	2,855	1,036	81.6	0.36
147	2,739	1,535	121.4	0.56
148	2,727	1,732	52.9	0.64
149	2,690	2,023	79.9	0.75
150	2,463	1,724	72.5	0.70
151	2,317	1,277	66.1	0.55
152	2,123	952	93.0	0.45
153	2,057	886	79.3	0.43
154	2,027	1,411	82.0	0.70
155	1,918	1,334	25.5	0.70
156	1,875	1,094	69.5	0.58
157	1,777	669	83.2	0.38
158	1,733	782	46.2	0.45
159	1,601	865	98.5	0.54
160	1,383	607	58.6	0.44
161	1,225	612	70.2	0.50
162	1,196	899	62.7	0.75
163	1,170	849	76.5	0.73
164	1,149	467	113.2	0.41
165	1,120	738	113.3	0.66
166	1,119	626	91.5	0.56
167	1,108	697	88.8	0.63
168	955	552	109.2	0.58
169	926	589	72.1	0.64
170	925	464	104.6	0.50
171	877	481	122.3	0.55
172	828	517	55.4	0.62
173	805	572	66.7	0.71
174	684	365	74.6	0.53
175	638	480	67.2	0.75
176	619	418	75.3	0.68
177	589	233	82.6	0.40
178	479	241	58.8	0.50
179	448	223	76.1	0.50
180	435	285	58.3	0.66
181	412	267	101.1	0.65
182	409	211	59.9	0.52
183	400	208	126.3	0.52
184	250	151	67.8	0.60
185	144	90	68.0	0.63

What we lack, and why

No direct estimate for 4 OnCo cancers (Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma), Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST), Neuroendocrine tumours, Neuroblastoma (paediatric)): GLOBOCAN reports by anatomical site, and these are histologies or subtypes it does not separate.
Shared site totals for 11 cancers (Triple-negative breast cancer, HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, Non-small-cell lung cancer, Small-cell lung cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Glioma & glioblastoma, Acute myeloid leukaemia, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma): breast subtypes, lung histologies, leukaemia types, and lymphoma subtypes share one number each.
Estimates, not counts. GLOBOCAN combines registry data where it exists with modelled estimates elsewhere; quality varies by country (IARC grades each country's method). Age-standardised rates use the World standard population.
Both sexes, all ages, 2022 only. No sex split, age split, stage, or trend is shown here.
Data fetched 2026-09-08 from IARC Global Cancer Observatory.

What changes these numbers

Countries with the same number of cases can have very different numbers of deaths. The difference is stage at diagnosis and access to the treatments that trials have already proved. These are the levers, with what OnCo records on each.

What is being done about this

Finding cancer earlier

and how the field plans to fix it →

Available now

AI in radiologyEstablished
cfDNA fragmentomicsEstablished
Colorectal cancer screening (colonoscopy, FIT, stool DNA, blood)Standard of care
DNA methylation profilingEstablished
HCC surveillance in cirrhosis (ultrasound + AFP)Standard of care
High-risk pancreatic surveillance (CAPS / PRECEDE)Established

In trials

GalleriPhase 3
Kerala oral cancer visual screening trial (Trivandrum)Positive
Multi-cancer early detection (MCED)Phase 3
Mumbai VIA cervical screening trial (Tata Memorial)Positive
NHS-GalleriCompleted
NLST & NELSON (low-dose CT screening)Positive

Ideas and roadmaps

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Barrett's oesophagus, CA 19-9, Early detection, Faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Also on OnCo: Symptoms and red flags · Early detection roadmap.

What is being done about this

Cost and access

and how the field plans to fix it →

Available now

In trials

Ideas and roadmaps

Background: Accelerated approval, Biosimilar, Real-world evidence. Also on OnCo: Financial help and assistance navigator · Coverage by country · HTA decisions.

Show the trend across GLOBOCAN editionsWorld incidence and mortality rates for each edition on file, as a chart.

IARC publishes a new set of estimates every few years. The chart shows the world incidence and mortality rates for each edition this site has on file; the same sparkline sits in the country table. Only the 2022 edition is available today: IARC's API answers the older editions' index but returns an error for their data (checked 2026-09-09), and the fetch script adds them the moment they are served again.

World, all cancers

World, lung cancer

Methodology

Numbers are GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). For countries with high-quality population-based cancer registries they are close to observed counts; for many others they are modelled from regional registries, mortality data, or neighbouring countries, and IARC grades the method used per country. They are the best comparable global figures available, not a census.

Incidence and mortality age-standardised rates (ASR) use the World standard population and are expressed per 100,000 person-years, both sexes, all ages. The mortality-to-incidence ratio is deaths divided by new cases in the same year; it is a rough proxy for how early cancers are found and how well care is delivered in a country, not for any one person's outlook. Cumulative risk is the chance of being diagnosed before age 75 in the absence of competing causes.

Mapping to OnCo cancers is by anatomical site (ICD-10). Subtypes that OnCo treats separately (triple-negative, HR+, and HER2+ breast cancer; non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer; AML, ALL, CLL; DLBCL) share one site total, and four OnCo cancers (biliary tract, sarcoma, neuroendocrine, neuroblastoma) have no country-level estimate at all. These gaps are shown as “no data” rather than filled in.

Source: Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today (IARC, WHO), fetched 2026-09-08 via the observatory's public API. Citation: Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today (version 1.1). Lyon: IARC; 2024.