NICE cancer guidance and technology appraisals (UK)

NICE technology appraisals (since 1999) assess clinical and cost-effectiveness against a threshold of about £20,000-30,000 per QALY (with end-of-life and severity modifiers), and can recommend, restrict, or route drugs to the Cancer Drugs Fund for data collection. Clinical guidelines (e.g. NG12 suspected cancer recognition and referral) set diagnostic pathways. Appraisal documents contain manufacturer models, evidence review group critiques and committee reasoning, making them one of the most transparent public sources on drug value; decisions often diverge from FDA/EMA licensing.