Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (review)
This review summarises how childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia became curable in nine of ten children through risk-adapted chemotherapy, and how genomic subtypes such as Ph-like and infant leukaemia are shaping the next generation of targeted treatment.
Overview
Review of the epidemiology, genomic classification (including Ph-like ALL, IKZF1 alterations, KMT2A rearrangements, hypodiploidy), risk stratification by measurable residual disease, treatment phases, outcomes approaching 90 percent survival, late effects, relapse and emerging immunotherapies for childhood ALL.
The structure of the paediatric ALL subtype pages, from risk groups to new targeted and immune therapies, follows the framework in this review.
- Predates blinatumomab and CAR-T results in frontline therapy.
Similar pages
not linked directly; found by shared links- Key paperDeletion of IKZF1 and prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Shares Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like or BCR::ABL1-like ALL), New England Journal of Medicine.
- Key paperTargetable kinase-activating lesions in Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Shares Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like or BCR::ABL1-like ALL), New England Journal of Medicine.
- Key paperBlinatumomab added to chemotherapy in infant KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Shares Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year), New England Journal of Medicine.
- TreatmentMercaptopurine
Shares Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year), High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL).
- TermB-ALL risk groups (NCI criteria, ETV6::RUNX1, hyperdiploidy, hypodiploidy, iAMP21, IKZF1, CNS status)
Shares Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like or BCR::ABL1-like ALL), Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year), High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL).
- TreatmentAsparaginase (pegaspargase, calaspargase pegol, Erwinia asparaginase)
Shares Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year), High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL).
- TermPh-like (BCR::ABL1-like) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Shares Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like or BCR::ABL1-like ALL), High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL).
- TreatmentDaunorubicin
Shares Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year), High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL).