WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs, 2022: renal, penile and testicular tumours
The 2022 World Health Organization classification of kidney tumours reorganises renal cell carcinoma into morphologically and molecularly defined types, including new molecularly defined entities, and clarifies chromophobe, papillary and clear cell subtypes.
Overview
Summary of the fifth-edition WHO classification for renal, penile and testicular tumours, introducing molecularly defined renal cell carcinomas (TFE3-rearranged, TFEB-altered, ELOC-mutated, fumarate hydratase-deficient, SDH-deficient, ALK-rearranged, SMARCB1-deficient medullary), abolishing type 1 and type 2 papillary subdivision, and refining eosinophilic and oncocytic tumours.
Kidney cancer subtype pages use these definitions; several rare entities are now diagnosed by molecular testing rather than appearance alone.
- Many new entities lack subtype-specific treatment evidence.
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