OnCo
pairingsPairing

TACE + immunotherapy/anti-VEGF

Adding drugs to the catheter procedure keeps intermediate-stage liver cancer under control for longer, though a survival gain is still unproven.

EMERALD-1, LEAP-012 and EMERALD-3 all improved PFS by roughly 30%; LEAP-012's final OS HR of 0.98 and EMERALD-1's non-significant OS trend leave the survival question open. Toxicity roughly doubles.

Rationale
TACE releases antigen and induces hypoxia-driven VEGF; PD-(L)1 blockade exploits the former and anti-VEGF counters the latter.
Evidence
Three positive phase 3 trials for PFS; no OS benefit shown.

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