OnCo
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Personalised neoantigen vaccine + PD-1 blockade

The vaccine teaches the immune system what to hunt; PD-1 blockade stops the tumour from switching the hunters off.

Intismeran + pembrolizumab: 49% reduction in recurrence in phase 2b, and phase 3 INTerpath-001 positive (August 2026). Autogene cevumeran + atezolizumab in pancreatic cancer.

Rationale
Vaccine-primed T cells encounter PD-L1 in the tumour and residual disease; checkpoint blockade preserves their effector function. Adjuvant setting gives low tumour burden and time to mount immunity.
Evidence
Phase 3 positive (melanoma).

Key papers

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