Gordon J. Freeman
Showed that PD-L1 is the ligand for PD-1 and that the pair switches T cells off, the foundation of checkpoint immunotherapy.
Overview
Gordon Freeman, with Arlene Sharpe and Tasuku Honjo, identified PD-L1 and PD-L2 as the ligands of PD-1 in 2000 and 2001 and showed that engagement inhibits T-cell activation, defining the pathway that pembrolizumab, nivolumab and atezolizumab block. He holds foundational patents on PD-1 pathway blockade and shared the Warren Alpert Prize; his laboratory continues to study checkpoint mechanisms.
| Title | Journal | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation | Journal of Experimental Medicine | 2000 |
| PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation | Nature Immunology | 2001 |
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