Acute myeloid leukaemia in older or unfit patients
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/aml-older-unfit/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
18 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Performance status and geriatric assessment, Comorbidity index and organ function, ELN 2022 risk group, IDH1/2, NPM1, FLT3 and TP53 mutations, Measurable residual disease by flow cytometry), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (newly diagnosed, unfit for intensive chemotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Venetoclax, Azacitidine, Decitabine or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of VIALE-A and AGILE apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (fit older patients, 60 to 75), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3'), CPX-351 (liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine), Midostaurin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (not a candidate for any leukaemia-directed therapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Am I a candidate for Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide), Glasdegib, Cytarabine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 12.For my situation (relapse after venetoclax-azacitidine), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 13.Am I a candidate for Gilteritinib, Ivosidenib, Revumenib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 14.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Venetoclax, Shorter venetoclax courses in unfit AML, myeloMATCH, G8 geriatric screening tool?
- 15.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 16.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 17.I read that “How long venetoclax needs to be given, and whether MRD-negative patients can stop”. How does that affect my plan?
- 18.I read that “Whether fit older patients do better with venetoclax-azacitidine than with intensive chemotherapy”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Hypomethylating agents (azacitidine, decitabine): Low-intensity chemotherapy that strips chemical 'off' switches (methyl groups) from DNA so silenced genes can be read again.
- Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS): When a treatment kills cancer cells faster than the body can clear their contents, flooding the blood with potassium, phosphate and uric acid and injuring the kidneys and heart.
- ELN 2022 risk classification: The three-tier system (favourable, intermediate, adverse) that decides how aggressively an adult with AML is treated and whether a transplant is recommended.
Tests and results to bring
Newly diagnosed, unfit for intensive chemotherapy: Venetoclax plus azacitidine (VIALE-A) or venetoclax plus decitabine; ivosidenib plus azacitidine for IDH1-mutated disease; targeted triplets in trials.
Biomarker results to ask for: Performance status and geriatric assessment, Comorbidity index and organ function, ELN 2022 risk group, IDH1/2, NPM1, FLT3 and TP53 mutations, Measurable residual disease by flow cytometry, Azole co-medication (venetoclax dose).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: G8 geriatric screening tool.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Fit older patients, 60 to 75: 7+3 or CPX-351 for secondary disease, with a FLT3 inhibitor where indicated, and reduced-intensity allogeneic transplant in remission. (Cytarabine + anthracycline ('7+3'), CPX-351 (liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine), Midostaurin, Quizartinib, Allogeneic stem cell transplantation)
- Not a candidate for any leukaemia-directed therapy: Hydroxyurea for count control, transfusion support and palliative care; low-dose cytarabine or glasdegib combinations where tolerated. (Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide), Transfusion support and anaemia management, Glasdegib, Cytarabine)
- Relapse after venetoclax-azacitidine: Genotype-directed drugs (gilteritinib, IDH inhibitors, menin inhibitors) or trials; transplant for the few who respond. (Gilteritinib, Ivosidenib, Revumenib, Allogeneic stem cell transplantation)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.