HER2-positive breast cancer
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/breast-her2-positive/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
43 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example HER2 IHC 3+ or ISH-amplified, HR status, pCR after neoadjuvant therapy, HER2 IHC 3+ or IHC 2+ with ISH amplification; HER2 heterogeneity, HR status), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (early stage), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of DESTINY-Breast11 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (metastatic), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for Tucatinib, Palbociclib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.How do the results of DESTINY-Breast09 apply to someone like me?
- 11.For my situation (stage i (≤2-3 cm, node-negative)), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 12.Am I a candidate for Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab emtansine, and what side effects should I expect?
- 13.How do the results of APT (adjuvant paclitaxel-trastuzumab) apply to someone like me?
- 14.For my situation (stage ii-iii, neoadjuvant), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 15.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Pertuzumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 16.How do the results of DESTINY-Breast11 and PHERGain apply to someone like me?
- 17.For my situation (post-neoadjuvant, pathologic complete response), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 18.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 19.How do the results of APHINITY and HERA, NSABP B-31 & NCCTG N9831 (adjuvant trastuzumab) apply to someone like me?
- 20.For my situation (post-neoadjuvant, residual invasive disease), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 21.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine, Neratinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 22.How do the results of DESTINY-Breast05 and KATHERINE apply to someone like me?
- 23.For my situation (adjuvant (upfront surgery), node-positive), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 24.Am I a candidate for Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and what side effects should I expect?
- 25.How do the results of APHINITY and PERSEPHONE apply to someone like me?
- 26.For my situation (metastatic, first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 27.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Pertuzumab, Tucatinib or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 28.How do the results of DESTINY-Breast09 and CLEOPATRA apply to someone like me?
- 29.For my situation (metastatic, second line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 30.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Tucatinib, and what side effects should I expect?
- 31.How do the results of DESTINY-Breast03 and HER2CLIMB apply to someone like me?
- 32.For my situation (metastatic, later lines), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 33.Am I a candidate for Trastuzumab emtansine, Neratinib, Lapatinib or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 34.For my situation (brain metastases), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 35.Am I a candidate for Tucatinib, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, and what side effects should I expect?
- 36.How do the results of HER2CLIMB and DESTINY-Breast12 apply to someone like me?
- 37.For my situation (cardiac monitoring and survivorship), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 38.How do the results of PERSEPHONE apply to someone like me?
- 39.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of HER2 PET, Zanidatamab, Disitamab vedotin, TQB2102?
- 40.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 41.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 42.I read that “Brain metastases in ~50% of metastatic patients”. How does that affect my plan?
- 43.I read that “Which patients can skip chemotherapy entirely”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Biosimilar: A biosimilar is a copy of a biologic drug such as trastuzumab, shown to be as safe and effective as the original once its patent expires, usually at a lower price.
- HER2-positive brain metastases: Up to half of women with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer develop brain metastases, because antibodies control the body but historically not the brain.
- Dual HER2 blockade: Using two HER2 antibodies (trastuzumab and pertuzumab) at once, which works better than one.
- Trastuzumab cardiotoxicity: HER2 drugs can weaken the heart's pumping, usually reversibly, so heart function is checked every three months during treatment.
- Interstitial lung disease (ILD) / pneumonitis: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is lung inflammation, a serious side effect of some ADCs (especially Enhertu) and immunotherapy.
- ADC sequencing: The open question of whether a second ADC works after the first one fails, especially when both carry the same type of payload.
- HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or ISH-amplified): A cancer with too much HER2 growth-signal protein, either scored 3+ on the stain or shown to have extra copies of the gene.
- Deauville score and PET-adapted therapy: A 1-to-5 scale for how brightly a lymphoma lights up on a PET scan, compared with the liver and the middle of the chest.
- Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery): Removing only the tumour with a rim of normal breast, keeping the breast; almost always followed by radiotherapy.
- Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH): Taking and holding a deep breath during each radiation beam.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: HER2 IHC 3+ or ISH-amplified, HR status, pCR after neoadjuvant therapy, HER2 IHC 3+ or IHC 2+ with ISH amplification (ASCO/CAP 2018 criteria); HER2 heterogeneity, HR status (drives triple-positive management, PATINA eligibility), Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy (selects T-DM1/T-DXd post-neoadjuvant), Early FDG-PET response (PHERGain de-escalation), LVEF by echocardiography or MUGA every 3 months on anti-HER2 therapy, Brain MRI when symptomatic; surveillance MRI debated, HER2 status on re-biopsy at progression (conversion in 10-15%), PIK3CA mutation (lower pCR; INAVO122 tests inavolisib in HER2+), ctDNA MRD (investigational for post-neoadjuvant escalation).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: Companion diagnostics, Cytogenetics and FISH, FDG PET, Histopathology & immunohistochemistry, Mammography & tomosynthesis, AI in radiology.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- Early stage: Neoadjuvant THP or T-DXd → surgery → trastuzumab/pertuzumab (pCR) or T-DXd/T-DM1 (residual). (Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine, DESTINY-Breast11)
- Stage I (≤2-3 cm, node-negative): Surgery then weekly paclitaxel × 12 + trastuzumab × 1 year (APT); T-DM1 × 17 cycles is an alternative (ATEMPT). Endocrine therapy if HR+. (APT (adjuvant paclitaxel-trastuzumab), Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab emtansine)
- Stage II-III, neoadjuvant: TCHP (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, pertuzumab) or anthracycline-taxane + HP; from 2026, T-DXd × 4 → THP (DESTINY-Breast11, pCR 67%). PET-adapted chemotherapy omission (PHERGain) in trials. (DESTINY-Breast11, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Pertuzumab, PHERGain)
- Post-neoadjuvant, pathologic complete response: Complete 1 year of trastuzumab (± pertuzumab if node-positive at diagnosis); endocrine therapy if HR+; radiation per stage. (Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, APHINITY, HERA, NSABP B-31 & NCCTG N9831 (adjuvant trastuzumab))
- Post-neoadjuvant, residual invasive disease: T-DXd (DESTINY-Breast05, iDFS HR 0.47 vs T-DM1; approved 2026) replacing T-DM1 (KATHERINE); consider extended adjuvant neratinib for HR+ high-risk. (DESTINY-Breast05, KATHERINE, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine, Neratinib)
- Adjuvant (upfront surgery), node-positive: Chemotherapy + trastuzumab + pertuzumab for 1 year (APHINITY); trastuzumab alone for lower risk; 6 months acceptable where resources are limited (PERSEPHONE). (APHINITY, PERSEPHONE, Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab)
- Metastatic: T-DXd + pertuzumab first line (DESTINY-Breast09); tucatinib + trastuzumab + capecitabine for brain metastases; palbociclib maintenance if HR+. (DESTINY-Breast09, Tucatinib, Palbociclib)
- Metastatic, first line: T-DXd + pertuzumab (DESTINY-Breast09, PFS 40.7 months; approved 2025) or taxane + trastuzumab + pertuzumab (CLEOPATRA) followed by maintenance: HP ± tucatinib (HER2CLIMB-05) and, if HR+, endocrine therapy + palbociclib (PATINA, approved 2026). (DESTINY-Breast09, CLEOPATRA, HER2CLIMB-05, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Pertuzumab, Tucatinib, Palbociclib)
- Brain metastases: Systemic: tucatinib triplet or T-DXd (DESTINY-Breast12, intracranial ORR 72%); local: stereotactic radiosurgery or surgery for symptomatic or large lesions; whole-brain RT reserved. (HER2CLIMB, DESTINY-Breast12, Tucatinib, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy))
- Metastatic, second line: T-DXd if not used first line (DESTINY-Breast03, PFS HR 0.33 vs T-DM1); tucatinib + trastuzumab + capecitabine, especially with brain metastases (HER2CLIMB). (DESTINY-Breast03, HER2CLIMB, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Tucatinib)
- Metastatic, later lines: T-DM1; neratinib or lapatinib + capecitabine; margetuximab + chemotherapy; trastuzumab + chemotherapy (continued HER2 blockade); zanidatamab and Chinese ADCs (trastuzumab rezetecan, disitamab vedotin) where available; trials. (Trastuzumab emtansine, Neratinib, Lapatinib, Margetuximab, Zanidatamab, Trastuzumab rezetecan, Disitamab vedotin)
- Cardiac monitoring and survivorship: LVEF every 3 months during anti-HER2 therapy; hold and cardioprotect for declines; anthracycline-free regimens preferred; long-term surveillance for late recurrence in HR+/HER2+. (Cardio-oncology, PERSEPHONE)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.